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題名 | 歐盟競爭法對航空業之規範=European Union Competition Law in Air Transportation |
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作者 | 黃郁雯; Huang, Yu-wen; |
期刊 | 公平交易季刊 |
出版日期 | 19990100 |
卷期 | 7:1 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁次 | 頁1-64 |
分類號 | 557.92 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 歐盟; 競爭法; 航空業; |
中文摘要 | 歐盟經濟整合力量向為全球囑目,歐洲航空運輸也在共同市場目標前導下,逐步打破各國法令及諸多雙邊及多邊空運協定限制,整合為單一的歐洲天空。以區域市場而分,歐盟現為世界第二大空運市場,居於亞洲之上,僅次於美國。歐盟空運的拓展,在1992年底歐洲單一市場形成後,更加具備內聚及外擴潛力,其中,歐盟共同競爭規範之適用居功厥偉。其不但調合歐盟各國歧異規範,更係推動空運自由化之實踐準繩。本文論述歐盟競爭法對空運業之規範,即以現行歐盟競爭法相關議題為綱,分別深觸至空運產業,探討包括企業聯合、濫用優勢地位、企業結合及國家補助等競爭議題,藉由其空運政策法規之實踐及所遭遇的瓶頸,呈現該空運市場概況,供作了解歐洲市場之參考。 全文分為三大部分,架構如下: 第一部分介紹歐盟空運背景,包括概論歐盟空運政策之發展,及歐體羅馬條約競爭規則適用於空運業之過程,並簡述歐盟對外空運政策。 第二部分為本文之主體,詳細探討歐盟競爭法對空運規範之具體內容。包括下列議題: 歐盟空運業適用競爭法規之程序規則歐盟空運業與聯合規範〔羅馬條約第85條〕 歐盟空運業與獨占暨濫用優勢地位之規範〔羅馬條約第86條〕 歐盟空運業與結合規範〔理事會4064/89號規則〕 歐盟空運業與國家補助規範〔羅馬條約第92-94條〕 歐盟空運自由化〔Liberalization〕 第三部分結論,簡述歐盟空運未來的展望,引出台灣日後對歐空運之聯繫;比較圈內競爭法規與歐體空運相關法規之差異,並提出我國未來發展空運政策、制定相關立法之若干建議。 |
英文摘要 | Air transport plays a significant role in furthering commercial, social and cultural links between/among different countries. However, its regulatory structure is extremely limited to the bilateral and multilateral agreements between states since the Chicago Convention of 1944.Affected by the US deregulation of the domestic air transport in 1987, the European air transport liberalization was highly stimulated. For the establishment of the internal market by 1 January 1993, the European community started its three phases of liberalization since December 1978, and the last phase, adopted in July 1992, has achieved a significant and far-reaching success. This article is composed of three parts. The first part introduces the background and the policies of EU air transport, and an overview of its legislative framework. The second part focuses on EU air transport regulations, mainly discusses about the application of the competition rules in EC treaty. This involves several parts including: the implementing rule--Council Regulation 3975/87; the prohibition on anti-competitive agreements in article 85 of EC Treaty and the block exemptions in the air transport sector-- Council Regulation 3976/87; the prohibition on abuse of a dominant position in article 86; restricting state aids in articles 92-94; and the merger regulation concerned about control of concentrations in civil aviation. The last part analyzes the implementation and the effects of EC air transport liberalization. Also talks about its recent and future developments, and what it can provide us for references. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。