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題名 | Sequential Versus Simultaneous Contribution Equilibria Under Alternative Public-Good Specifications=非加總性公共財之賽局均衡:循序捐獻與同時捐獻 |
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作者 | 宋玉生; | 書刊名 | 經濟論文叢刊 |
卷期 | 26:4 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁次 | 頁367-386 |
分類號 | 564.6 |
關鍵詞 | 公共財; 循序捐獻; 同時捐獻; 最弱環; 最強棒; Public good; Stackelberg game; Weakest-link; Best-shot; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 傳統公共財文獻中對私人捐獻之分析多考慮 Nash 均衡,亦即假設各人之捐獻行 動皆同時發生。Varian ( 1994 )首開先河,探討眾人捐獻有先後之循序 Stackelberg 賽 局。 其主要發現強調循序均衡下之公共財總量必不會高於同時捐獻時之總量。 本文則說明 Varian 之結論僅適用於加總性公共財之情形。 當眾人之捐獻為完全互補(亦即公共財之組 成方式為最弱環)時,循序均衡下之公共財總量必不低於同時捐獻時之總量;故 Varian 之 結論在此例下恰為相反。其次,當公共財之組成由各捐獻量之最高者所決定(即最強棒式之 公共財)時,循序均衡下之公共財總量將視眾人之捐獻順序而定,而同時捐獻賽局則將有多 重均衡;因此兩者之高低並無定論。 |
英文摘要 | Private contribution to continuous public goods has been an area of extensive study in public economics. Most researchers, however, analyzed simultaneous-move contribution games. A notable exception is Varian (1994), who considers a Stackelberg game for the classical additive type of public goods. The main finding of Varian is that total contribution in a simultaneous-move Nash game is at least as large as that under a sequential setting. In this paper, we characterize both Nash and Stackelberg equilibria under the alternative public-good composition rules of weakestlink and best-shot. We claim that Varian's conclusion does not hold in these cases. For weakest-link public goods, Stackelberg outcome is found to be no less than its Nash counterpart, so Varian's conclusion is reversed. In the best-shot case, either setting may yield higher total public good supply than the other, due to a multiplicity of Nash equilibria and variations in Stackelbherg contribution sequences. |
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