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題名 | The Art of Crossing Cultures in Taiwan=跨文化之藝術--以臺灣為例 |
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作 者 | 包承恩; | 書刊名 | 輔仁學誌. 法管理學院之部 |
卷期 | 28 1998[民87.] |
頁次 | 頁139-154 |
分類號 | 541.28 |
關鍵詞 | 文化適應; 跨文化; 文化交流關係; 文化衝擊; Acculturation; Cross culture; Intercultural relations; Culture shock; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 在發展一個文化交流研究的理論基礎下,本文回顧了各種用於解釋跨文化調適與文化交流關係的文獻,特別是與中西方價值體系有關研究。文化適應與文化調適過程中,居留者在面對當地文化可預期的階段有從完全退縮和脫離當地文化到全面融入和喪失自我文化認同。其中以介於兩者之間的中庸文化適應型最理想;此類型在保留對本身文化認同之際,又能逐漸培養對當地文化的適應能力。雖然文化衝擊的不適應是無法避免的,但是經由對普遍情緒反應之瞭解(熟悉),對於若干不適應的準備(應變)是有益處。有些特殊的技巧與行為態度,可幫助預知在經驗中可能帶來的負面效果,同時也有益於縮短在文化衝擊循環中的「低」潮期。這此技巧與行為能度中,最重要的包含,(一)幽默感;(二)在文化交流的經歷中不要有特定的目的;(三)有面對接受失敗的能力。再者,在文化適應成功的居留者多將文化調適過程視為文化學習的機會,而非文化衝擊。最後,藉由一個可將藝術與科學整合在一起的跨文化模式,居留者可由此增加「自我文化認同」同時也發展出對居留國家文化的認知。對那些能夠成功地完成文化適應過程的居留者而言,跨文化的經驗可成為自我瞭解與人格發展的豐富基礎來源。 |
英文摘要 | Developing a theoretical basis for cross cultural research, this article reviews the various spproaches used to explain cross cultural adjustment and intercultural relations, with particular reference to Eastern and Western value frameworks. Acculturation and cultural adjustment occur according to predictable, successive stages during which the typical sojourner response can span from total withdrawal and disengagement to total immersion and loss of identity in the host culture. The middle way is preferred, fully retaining your own cultural identity while at the same time gradually developing another cultural self appropriate to the host culture. Although the discomfort of “culture shock”is unavoidable, it is helpful to prepare for a certain amount of discomfort by becoming familiar with common emotional reactions. There are also specific skills and behavioral attitudes which can assist sojourners in anticipating the negative effects of the experience as well as help to shorten the overall length of “down”time in the culture shock cycle. The most important of these include: having a sense of humor, not having specific goals for the cross cultural experience and the ability to fail. Furthermore, sojourners who tend to be “successful”in the acculturation process emphasize cultural adjustment as an opportunity for culture learning rather then culture shock. Finally, by utilizing a “crossing cultures”model which integrates both the art and science of crossing cultural boundaries the sojourner is able to enhance cultural “self-awareness”at the same time she gains “cultural awareness”of the host county. For those who are able to successfully complete their acculturation process, cross cultural experiences can be a rich source of self-understanding and personality development. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。