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題名 | 原油之預處理=The Pretreatment of Crude Oil |
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作者 | 陳寶東; 林建琛; 沈宏俊; | 書刊名 | 石油季刊 |
卷期 | 34:3 1998.09[民87.09] |
頁次 | 頁9-16 |
分類號 | 457.5 |
關鍵詞 | 原油預處理; 電脫鹽; 油泥; 水減量; Crude oil pretreating; Electrostatic desalting; Basic sediment; Water reduction; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 原油中所含無機鹽類大部分溶於原油中的水,而且油水常以乳狀溶液的形式存在 ,另外所夾帶之泥沙等固體雜質則懸浮於原油中,這些雜質對煉製操作程序及設備腐蝕的影 響甚巨。為了有效解決原油中這些雜質所帶來之困擾,進而降低操作成本及提高生產效益, 原油送入蒸餾塔提煉之前,必須經過適當的前處理,例如,脫水脫鹽、油泥減量等處理程序 ,以降低原油中的雜質。本研究首先採討脫水脫鹽之基本操作原理,進而歸納出幾種脫鹽槽 之操作變數及影響脫鹽效率之參數,同時對如何提昇脫鹽效率提出改善方案,文中並舉一些 改善實例加以說明。另外,對原油中夾帶過多的污泥及水份等問題,本研究亦提出因應之道 。 |
英文摘要 | It is generally necessary to pretreat the crude before processing since if the salt, for example, is not removed, severe fouling and corrosion problems caused by salt deposition on heat transfer surface and acids formed by decomposition of the chloride salts will take place. The catalyst in the catalytic processing units may also be deactivated by the metals dissolved in water emulsified with the crude. The suspended solids in the crude may also cause the operation problem. These are usually very fine sand, clay, soil particles, iron oxide and iron sulfide particles from pipelines and other contaminants picked up in transit or production. Desalting and the removal of the basic sediments and water from the crude are therefore the two major processes of the pretreatment. This study highlights the principle and the operation parameters of desalting, along with some case studies. |
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