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| 題 名 | 施用雞糞堆肥及雞糞對土壤中亞砷酸型態轉變的影響=A Study on the Transformation of Arsenite in Soils after Poultry Compost and Poultry Manure Application |
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| 作 者 | 邱春惠; 李國欽; 楊秋忠; 邱瑞宇; | 書刊名 | 中國農業化學會誌 |
| 卷 期 | 36:4 1998.08[民87.08] |
| 頁 次 | 頁380-393 |
| 分類號 | 434.2311 |
| 關鍵詞 | 砷酸; 亞砷酸; 單甲基砷酸; 雙甲基砷酸; 雞糞; 雞糞堆肥; 氧化還原勢能; Arsenate; Arsenite; Monomethylarsonate; Dimethylarsinate; Poultry manure compost; Poultry manure; Redox potential; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本文研究之目的是為了探討施用雞糞堆肥及雞糞對土壤中Eh、pH的改變及砷型態 轉變的影響。實驗結果顯示：在淹水狀態下，施用雞糞堆肥，在初期（ 20 天內）有助於提 高土壤的 Eh 值 300 mV （與未施用肥料的土壤比較）， 土壤中抽出性砷物種為砷酸 [ ( As (V) ] 型態。 20 天之後，兩種土壤有不同的表現，中洲土仍保持在 300mV 以上，砷的 物種仍為砷酸；鹽水土則逐漸下降最後與未施肥料土壤的 Eh 值相近，砷的物種雖仍以砷酸 型態為主，但也出現了約 10% 的亞砷酸 [As(III)] 及雙甲基砷酸（ DMA ）。 施用雞糞會 導致土壤 Eh 值下降 150~300mV，而使土壤中抽出性亞砷酸和砷酸比例大於 1， 期間在 38 天有大量雙甲基砷酸（ DMA ）產生，單甲基砷酸（ MMA ）在 10 天後皆維持約 3% 的量。 在 10% 水份含量狀態下，無論施用雞糞堆肥或雞糞， Eh 值都維持在 400~500mV 之間，且 土壤中抽出性亞砷酸的比例快速下降，最後以砷酸型態存在。土壤抽出液中初期偵測到非常 微量的雙甲基砷酸， 而偵測不到單甲基砷酸。 分析土壤中 Eh 值與砷型態轉變的關係，Eh 值大於 300mV 時，抽出性砷酸佔 100%；隨著 Eh 的下降亞砷酸的比例逐漸增加，當 Eh 值 達 100~200mV 時，抽出性砷酸佔 88~94%， 亞砷酸為 10%，期間並有 10% 的雙甲基砷酸產 生然後消失。Eh 如持續下降達-200mV 時，抽出性亞砷酸和砷酸的比例大於1 ，且有微量單 甲基砷酸及 20%~40% 的雙甲基砷酸消長。 結果顯示 Eh 值愈低，則土壤中抽出性亞砷酸的 比例隨之升高，而砷甲基化作用也愈明顯。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study investigated the transformation of arsenicals in soil after organic fertilizer application. Under flooded conditions, poultry manure compost treatment was helpful in raising the soil redox potential (Eh values) about 300 mV within 20 days, and the primary extracted arsenicals were As(V). The soil Eh values were different between Jongjou and Yanswi soil after 20 days. The Jongou soil Eh values still remained above 300 mV, and the maior extracted arsenicals were As(V) while the Yanswi soil Eh values were gradually decreased and similar to those of untreated soil in the last stage of incubation. Although the major part of arsenic was As(V)(88~95%), the amount of As(III) stayed at 10%, and dimetharsinate (DMA) was 10% on the 38th day. Under flooded conditions, poultry manure treatment to reduced the soil Eh value to about 150~300 mV, the ratio of extractable As (III) to As (V) was more than 1, the amount of monomethylarsonate(MMA) stayed at about 3% and DMA was 20~40% on the 38th day. Under 10% moisture content, the soil Eh value stayed at about 400~500 mV whether under poultry compost or poultry manure treatment, and the extractable arsenical was As(V). The soil Eh value dominated the transformation of the arsenicals in the soils; at higher soil redox levels (above 300 mV), the arsenic in the extractable solution was predominanitly As(V). Under moderately reduced soil conditions (100~-20mV), the major part (88~ 95%) of the arsenic in the extractable solution was As(V) while As(III) was 5~12% and DMA was 10%. Upon reduction to -200mV, the ratio of extractable As (III) to As (V) was more than 1, the amount of MMA stayed at about 3% and the amount of DMA was 20~40% on the 38th day. The results showed that the lower soil Eh value increased the ratio of As(III) and promoted arsenic methylation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。