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題 名 | 身體活動與骨密度的關係=Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density |
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作 者 | 李水碧; | 書刊名 | 臺北師院學報 |
卷 期 | 11 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁711-729+731-732 |
分類號 | 528.9013 |
關鍵詞 | 運動; 體適能; 肌肉力量; 骨質密度; Exercise; Physical fitness; Muscle strength; Bone mineral density; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 骨質疏鬆症(osteoporosis)是一種普遍但卻不易被查覺的骨骼代謝疾病,它是 因為骨量(bone mass)減少,所導致的骨骼脆性增加。骨質疏鬆症最主要的臨床病 徵即是骨折,最常發生的部位是股骨、腰椎及橈骨。為了鑑定骨質疏鬆症及評估骨 折的危險性,傳統上是使用x光,光子吸收測量儀或電腦斷層掃描等方法來定量骨 密度(Bone Mineral Density,BMD)。 運動對骨密度有相當大的影響,其中體適能(physical fitness)與肌肉力量 (muscle strength")是骨密度的預測指標;而臥床休息(bed rest)或固定不動(im mobilization)會造成骨質的流失;相對地,運動員或有從事身體活動者比坐式生活 的人有較高的骨密度,且運動可以防止因年齡引起的骨質流失。在運動對骨密度的 貢獻上,支撐體重的運動是一重要因素,因此,從事支撐體重的運動被認為對骨密 度較有效益;而非支撐體重的活動,例如游泳和自由車,對骨密度則較沒有效益。 如果過度訓練(例如耐力選手) 由於月經週期的干擾或雌激素的減少,反而易導致 腰椎骨(海綿骨)的流失。 基於最近的研究現況,美國運動醫學會(ACSM)以專業立場提出下列幾點的建 議: 1.支撐體重的身體活動,是維持健康骨骼正常發展的基本要素,強調增加肌力 的活動可能也是有效益的,特別是在非支撐體重的部位之骨骼。 2.坐式生活的婦女透過更多的活動,可以些微增加骨量,但是增加活動量最主 要的利益可能是避免因不活動而使骨骼進一步的流失。 3.在停經期,運動不能被推廌為荷爾蒙補充療法替代物。 4.年老婦女適當的運動計劃應該包括改善肌力和柔軟度的活動,可以間接但是 有效地減少跌倒的可能性,而降低骨質疏鬆性骨折的意外。 |
英文摘要 | Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease that is common, especially in our aging society, and difficult to discover early. Osteoporosis is a condition of reduced bone mass leading to skeletal fragility. The major clinical outcome of osteoporosis is a fracture, primarily at the proximal femur (hip), vertebra (lumbar spine) or radius. In order to identify osteoporosis and potential fracture risk, converntional radiography, photon absorptiometry or quantitative computerized tomography may be used to estimate bone density. Activity exerts a profound effect on bone mass, and physical fitness or muscle strength appears to contribute materially to an individual's bone density. Bed rest or immobilization is associated with a rapid loss of bone mineral. Conversely, exercising groups have a greater bone density than do sedentary control populations, and exercise may impede or actually reverse age-related bone loss. Weight bearing is essential for the trophic effects of activity on the skeleton, and weighted exercise has been shown to be associated with greater BMD. Consequently, nonweight-bearing activities such as swimming and cycling have not been promoted for increasing BMD. Based on current research, it is the position of the American College of Sports Medicine that: 1. Weight-bearing physical activity is essential for the normal development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton. Activities that focus on increasing muscle strength may also be beneficial, particularly for nonweight-bearing bones. 2. Sedentary women may increase bone mass slightly by becoming more active but the primary benefit of the increased activity may be in avoiding the further loss of bone that occurs with inactivity. 3.Exercise cannot be recommended as a substitute for hormone replacement therapy at the time of menopause. 4. The optimal program for older women would include activities that improve strength, flexibility, and coordination that may indirectly, but effectively, decrease the incidense of osteoporotic fractures by lessening the likelihood of falling. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。