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題 名 | 資優與普通兒童思考技巧特質之比較=A Comparative Study of Thinking Skills and Thinking Styles between Gifted and Non-Gifted Children |
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作 者 | 張玉成; | 書刊名 | 臺北師院學報 |
卷 期 | 11 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁109-150 |
分類號 | 529.61 |
關鍵詞 | 資優生; 思考風格; 思考技巧; 思考意向; Gifted students; Thinking styles; Thinking skills; Thinking dispositions; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究旨在探討資優生和普通生,在思考能力、思考風格、和思考意向三個方 面是否存有不同特質,藉以提供資優教育在鑑定篩選、安置、課程設計、教學策咯、 和評量等方面之改進參考。本計畫採用量表、問卷、和測驗等工具,針對台北縣、 市資優生八十五名、普通生一四五名進行調查了解。其中首次引用Sternberg和 Grigornenko 於一九九二年發展出版的Thinking Styles Inventory,從事思考風格 評量。 主要的研究發現,計有: 一、資優生的思考能力顯著優於普通生,無論是比較思考、分類思考、或類比 思考,兩組間平均數差異均達顯著水準。 二、資優生與普通生在思考風格上有下列不同:(一)心靈政府功能面相,資優生 較傾向「立法型」普通生較屬於「行政型」;(二)心靈政府取向面相,資優生較屬「自 由型」,而普通生偏向「保守型」。 三、思考能力和思考風格分屬於不同心理特質之看法獲得支持,而且此二項特 質用以區別資優生和普通生之預測準確率高達84%。 四、資優生與普通生在思考意向上有所差別。 (一) 在調焦技巧方面,當面對圖片資料時,資優生較多從多因、潛藏因素、及整 體等角度去考量反應,而普通生則較習於從單一因素去思考。 (二)在調焦技巧方面,當面對統計數字時,資優生較會從人物互動現象、項目比 較、年度比較等三個角度去構思,而普通生則較常從界定意義、現象發生原因兩個 觀點去思考。 (三)在構問技巧方面,資優生較普通生常發問有關何人、如何、品質的問題;而 普通生則較多提出何物、為何、及數量的問題。 (四)在運思技巧方面,資優生較普通生常用確認性、比較性、分析性、推論性、 創造性、和批判性等思考技巧去探索;而普通生則較常使用認知記憶性和說明性運 思型態。 (五)無論是圖形類、文章類、或數字類的刺激物,資優生的反應速度和次數,均 較普通生快又多。換言之,資優生的思考流暢度高於普通生。 上述研究發現可供資優教育在鑑定篩選、安置、課程設計、教學方法、評量等 工作上改進之參考,並可有助於普通生教育改進之借鏡。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study was to explore the discrepancy of thinking skills between gifted and non-gifted students in elementary schools. The subjects for this research inchluded 82 gifted and 145 non-gifted fifth-graders sampled from elementary schools in Taipei area. Survey instruments used in the study were Thinking Styles Inventory, Thinking Dispositions Questionnaire and Higher-order Thinking Skills Test. The main findings were as follows: 1.There were significant diffferences of thinking skills between the gifted and the non-gifted group. The gifted students scored higher than the non-gifted ones in comparing thinking ability, classifying thinking abillity, and analogical thinking ability. 2.There were signficant differences of thinking styles between the gifted and the non-gifted group. The gifted group preferred legislative function of the mental government while the non-gifted favored executive function. The gifted group shoued a leaning for liberal style while the nongifted conservative style. 3.There were also significant differences of thinking dispositions between the gifted and the non-gifted group. (1)In terms of focusing thinking skill,gifted children given a picture as stimulus tended to look more into the hidden essentials and the totality; while average children notably gave undue emphasis to a single factor of focusing thoughts. (2)In terms of focusing thinking skill,gifted children, given statstics material as stimulus, tended to find more about who-what relations, itemcomparison, and year comparison; while average children considered more about the defining of meaning and causes of events. (3)In the questioning skill of thoughts, gifted children asked more "who", "how" and "quality" questions, whereas non-gifted children asked "why", "what", and "quantity" questions more than the gifted group. (4)In terms of operational preference of thinking, gifted children scored higher than non-gifted children in the fields of identification, compaison, analysis, inference, creativity, and critical judgment; whereas the non-gifted group responded more than the gifted group in the domain of memory and explanation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。