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題 名 | 美國的中間學校與其學生=Middle Schools and Its' Students in U.S.A. |
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作 者 | 黃文三; | 書刊名 | 高雄師大學報 |
卷 期 | 9 1998.04[民87.04] |
頁 次 | 頁207-231 |
分類號 | 526.1952 |
關鍵詞 | 中間學校; 年輕的青少年; 轉捩點; Middle school; Young adolescent; Turning points; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 美國的中間學校運動,就其歷史根源來看,係由初級中學演變而來。中間學校乃 是因應從兒童期過渡到青少年的年輕人的需求而設立的。本研究的目的在探討美國的中間學 校的發展與學生的向度,藉供教育改革的參考。 中間學校的環境分為三個層次:(1)年輕的青少年的生理發展;(2)年輕的青少年的心理發展 ;(3)社會文化對年輕的青少年行為發展所造成的影響。卡內基基金會指出「轉捩點」報告 書的目標希望十五歲的青少年應該是(1)一個理智思考的人;(2)一位終身致力於有意義的工 作的人;(3)一位良好的公民;(4)一個有責任且有道德的個體;(5)一位健康的人。中間學 校的教育生態學的四個基本向度:(1)課程;(2)教學;(3)組織;(4)支援服務。所有設計的 課程計畫和服務均似學生為中心,為幫助他們的發展而設計。年輕的青少年的情緒、智能、 社會心理、道德和生理等方面的發展影響了中間學校的所有領域。 在一九九○年代即將邁入廿一世紀的時候,積極回應的中間學校將繼續注重於學業上的 學習,但也會更加關心年輕的青少年在智能、生理、社會心理、情緒和道德上的發展。此種 美國的教育改革在一九九○年代可說是一個轉捩點,促使我們對年輕的青少年的教育與關懷 重新思考與反省。 |
英文摘要 | In America, the middle school movement can trace its historical roots back to the junior high school. The school in the middle should be designed for youngsters in transition from childhood to adolescence. This study aims to research the development of America' middle school and its dimension of students so as to provide a reference point for educational reform. The learning environment of the middle school was hoaped by three guideposts: (1) the physical development and (2) the mental growth of young adolescents, and (3) the effect of socio-culture force on the development of young adolescents. The goal of the Turning Points task force appointed by the Carnegie Corporation was to determine the qualities that would characterize a 15-year-old who had been well served during adolescence. The task force concluded that this 15-year-old would be: (1) an intellectually reflective person; (2) a person en route to a lifetime of meaningful work; (3) a good citizen; (4) a caring and ethical individual; (5) a healthy person. The four essential dimensions of the ecology of middle-level schooling: Curriculum, instruction, organization, and support services. The ecology shows students at the center of all programs and services designed to help them develop. The emotional, intellectual, psychosocial, moral, and physical development of young adolescents influences all aspects of the middle level school. During the 1990s and into the twenty-first century, responsive middel level schools will continue to emphasize academic learning but will also increasingly concern themselves with the intellectual, physical, psychosocial, emotional, and moral development of young adolescents. This America' educational reform to make the 1990s a turning point in the way we educate and care for young adolescents. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。