頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 擴大征兵與東周世局的變化=The Expansion of Conscription System and the Transformation of the Period of Eastern Chou |
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作 者 | 林啟屏; | 書刊名 | 暨大學報 |
卷 期 | 2:1 1998.03[民87.03] |
頁 次 | 頁13-32+323 |
分類號 | 621.5 |
關鍵詞 | 封建; 國家; 戰爭; feudal system; War; State; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 自春秋之後,封建制度已無法成為穩定國家秩序的基本力量。尤其是宗族情感日 薄,君主個人權威日漲之際,逐鹿中原,爭霸天下,乃是統治君王的夢想。在這種夢想的推 動下,戰爭頻繁是時代的主要特徵。於是處在輕易開啟戰端的時代壓力鍋中,封建的等級秩 序,蕩然無存。雖然偶而會有「辭不失舊」的表現,但「武力」才是各國在「爭城以戰」的 緊張局勢裡,可堪自保的屏障。所以「武力」反而成為「失序」狀態下,「恐怖平衡」的力 量。直至各國擴充兵員的競賽中,超強的國家打破這種平衡之後, 一統天下的新局面,便呼 之欲出了。 本文將以先秦戰爭規模的變化,論述戰爭對國家的影響力;以各國擴大征兵的情形,敘述東 周時代的制度變化;最後則歸結出在戰爭的壓力下,各國因征服而置縣的措施,是從封建走 向郡縣的先聲。 |
英文摘要 | Since the Epoch of Spring and Autumn, feudal system has lost its fundamental strength to sustain state order. When the cohesive force of the clan declined and the authority of the monarch extended day by day, to vie for the throne in the Central Plains and to rule over the world were the dreams of ruling monarchs. These dreams induced frequent wars which were characteristic of the era. The hierarchical order of the feudal system fell apart. The force of arms was the only screen to protect a state from foreign invasions. At the same time the force of arms became the force to maintain a "terrible balance". The new situation of unification was achieved only after the state of terrible balance was changed with the birth of a superpower. This paper proposes to discuss the influence of war on a state in terms of the scale of war in the pre-Chin period. It also intends to describe the system changes in the Period of Eastern Chou. Finally, this paper will argue that under the pressure of war each individual state's measure to found a County (or a Prefecture) is the first sign that the feudal system was transfromed into the county system. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。