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題 名 | 乾旱時期節水灌溉對水稻生育產量影響之研究=A Study on Effects of Saving Water Requirement Irrigation on Paddy Rice Growth and Yield During Drought Period |
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作 者 | 陳清田; 陳錦嫣; 溫英煌; 劉景平; | 書刊名 | 嘉義技術學院學報 |
卷 期 | 56 1998.02[民87.02] |
頁 次 | 頁39-50 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 耐旱性; 節水灌溉; 乾旱時期; 灌溉期距; 農藝性狀; Paddy rice; Drought resistance; Saving water requirement irrigation; During drought period; Irrigation interval; Agronomic characters; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 乾旱為一無可避免且一定發生之天然事件,尤以地形地勢陡峻與降雨時空分布 不均之臺灣地區,其發生之頻率更甚頻繁,所謂五年一小旱,十年一大旱即是意料中事, 因此,如何因應乾旱時期對農業生產所帶來之可能衝擊,進而加以防止,此乃從事灌溉管 理事業者之當務之急。 有鑑於此,本研究之主要目的,擬藉由水稻盆栽試驗(85年1月至12月),探討乾旱時 期於水稻重要生育階段實施不同節水灌溉處理,其對水稻生育產量之影響程度,進而分析 在不影響水稻產量之前提下,水稻之耐旱程度、最適灌溉時期及最適灌溉期距,期能歸納 出水稻於不同乾旱程度時之最低用水量,確立一適切合理可行之節水措施,俾便提供水利 當局作為灌溉營運管理之參考,其結果顯示: 1.就乾旱發生時期而言,水稻於各重要生育階段中,一期作水稻於分蘗期、二期作水 稻於幼穗形成期之耐旱性最差,其平均減產率分別高達26.6%與37.6%,亦即水稻於此時 期封水之需求最為殷切,故此階段即為水稻之最適灌溉時期。 2.就乾旱發生日數而言,無論一、二期作水稻,當灌溉期距為10天時,其對水稻產量 之影響並不顯著,然灌溉期距若超過此值,則對水稻產量將產生顯著之影響,故此結果可 視為乾旱時期擬定水稻輪灌期距之極限值。 3.就同時考慮乾旱發生時期及乾旱發生日數而言,第一、二期作水稻分別於抽穗期、 分蘗期斷水19天後,其對產量之影響最為顯著,其減產率分別為48.2%、46.4%,故於灌 溉管理計畫之擬定時,宜需特別審慎。 4.就同時考慮乾旱時期及乾旱程度之處理,其對水稻農藝性狀之影響,第一期作除株 高與穎花數為不顯著外,其餘皆呈顯著影響,第二期作則除開花日數、分蘗數與有效分蘗 數呈顯著影響外,其餘皆不顯著。 |
英文摘要 | Drought is an unavoidable natural disaster and it happens frequently in Taiwan which has a landscape too abrupt to hold water and receives an uneven precipitation distribution in timing and coverage. "There is a drought in every 5 years and a catastrophic drought in every ten years. " is a Taiwanese saying that points out the seriousness of the situation. Therefore, it is of vital importance to the water resource planners to cope with and to circumvent the possible impact of drought on agricultural production structure. This study is dedicated to discover the relationship between the productivity of paddy rice and different irrigation ration controls at several important growing stages by way of pots experiment (from January 1996 to December 1996). The goal is to attain the drought resistance data and the optimum irrigation timing and interval of paddy rice without compromising on yield. This information will lead to the minimum water requirements under different drought conditions. These requirements can serve as the foundation for the irrigation bureau to implement a feasible irrigation ration policy. The test result indicates: 1. The influence from drought timing: The best time for irrigation is the tillering stage of the first crop and the panicle differentiation stage of the second crop season. If the drought happens in this period then there will be a 26.5% and 37.6 % decrease in the first and the second crop yield resp ectively. 2. The influence from drought duration: The maximum irrigation interval for both the first and the second crop is 16 days. Any interval longer than this will cause substantial yield reduction. 3. The influence from a combination of drought timing and duration: Special attention needs to be addressed on the heading stage of the first crop and the tillering stage of the second crop. A 19-day drought inflicts a tremendous yield reduction of 48.2% and 46.43% upon the two crops respectively. 4. The influence on agronomic characters from a combination of drought timing and degree: For the first crop, except plant height and spikelet count, all agronomic characters are obviously affected. For the second crop, only flowering days, tillering count, and effective tillering count a re heavily influeced. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。