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題名 | 條件評估法中受訪者內在相關之應用=Application of Intra-Respondent Correlation in Contingent Valuation |
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作者姓名(中文) | 孫立群; | 書刊名 | 農業與經濟 |
卷期 | 18 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁次 | 頁39-56 |
分類號 | 511.2 |
關鍵詞 | 條件評估法; 願付代價; 受訪者內在相關; 拉氏乘數檢定法; Contingent valuation; Willingness-to-pay; Intra-respondent correlation; Lagrange multiplies test; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 條件評估(contingent valuation)法常用封閉式(closed-ended)的問卷設計來 蒐集願付代價( willingness-to-pay,WTP )或願受補償( willingness-to accept,WTA )的資料, 並以 LDV ( limited dependent variable )模型配合最大概似( maximum likelihood, ML )法進行迴歸分析。 大部份的 CV 問卷調查中,受訪者會被告知不只一種 環境改善計畫並被詢及其對每一個別計畫的 WTP,從計量模型的架構來看,同一受訪者對於 不同環境改善計畫的 WTP 函數很可能是相關而非獨立的, 而此一受訪者內在相關( intra-respondent correlation )的起因,很可能是源於模型中被忽略的自變數。ML 法對 於模型的設定( specification )相當敏感,當 ML 法被用於估測 LDV 模型時,就算是被 忽略的自變數與包含在模型內的自變數不相關時,其 ML 參數估測不具一致性。本研究討論 當受訪者內在相關出現在 LDV 模型中時, 對數概似函數( long-likelihood function ) 的推導, 並介紹一檢定受訪者內在相關存在與否的拉氏乘數( Lagrange multiplier, LM )檢定法。實證結果顯示,本文所介紹之受設者內在相關模型,其 ML 估測不但具備一致性 且其估測效率亦提高。 |
英文摘要 | In contingent valuation (CV) surveys, very often, a respondent is asked several willingness-to-pay questions regarding different environmental programs. The multiple responses from the same respondent may in fact be correlated, and by appropriately modeling, the intra-respondent correlation can be used to correct for the possible inconsistency as well as to improve the efficiency for parameterestimates. In this study, a limited dependent variable with model with intrarespondent correlation is modeled using a random-effect model as suggested by some panel data literatures. A Lagrange Multiplier test for testing the existence of the intra-respondent correlation is then being discussed. Finally, an empirical application is given to support the conclusions. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。