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題名 | Ecotypic Variation of Imperata Cylindrica Populations in Taiwan: Ⅰ. Morphological and Molecular Evidences=臺灣白茅的生態變異(1):形態上及分子上的證據 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 鄭可大; 周昌弘; | 書刊名 | Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica |
卷期 | 38:3 1997.07[民86.07] |
頁次 | 頁215-223 |
分類號 | 371.51 |
關鍵詞 | 白茅; 生態型變異; 族群; 逢機擴增多型性DNA; Cogongrass; Ecotypic variation; Imperata cylindrica; Population; RAPD; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 白茅係一C4型植物,廣布於臺灣不同棲地且常呈優勢。從臺灣55個棲地族群中,吾 等選六個實驗地進行深入探討,此六個研究地為竹圍(紅樹林成長地區),沙崙(濱海鹽分地), 墾丁(臺灣最南尖端,氣候乾旱),澎湖(臺灣離島代表),和社(臺灣中部山區無污染區)及南港 (多雨潮溼地,對照區)。取上述六個實驗地的白茅葉子分別在光學及掃描式電子顯微鏡下觀 察得知竹圍的白茅與其他地區顯然有別,其葉之中肋呈空洞且葉下表面上有茸毛。進一步將 上述田野的白茅的地下莖取回植於中央研究院植物研究所的溫室,觀其成長後以比較上述六 個研究站野外及溫室栽培之白茅,而發現採自竹圍、沙崙及澎湖之植株均矮於其他地區。採 自竹圍者,其葉及葉肋之形態在顯微鏡下之觀察結果與田野者無異。另外,以逢機擴增多型 性DNA(RAPD)的方法以40個10bp引子來檢測上述植物葉子,而發現31條子引子是成功的,並可 繪出82個不同斑帶,且證實六個研究地之白茅有明顯的變異。以不同班帶呈現頻率,並用 Euclidean距離的方程式來計算而推演出的六個研究地之白茅生態變異之親緣關係,顯示竹圍 及沙崙之族群形成一個群叢,另四個族群形成第二個群叢,其結論指出,上述白茅在外表上, 形態上及分子上的證據所呈現之變異,均相當一致。 |
英文摘要 | Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv, a common C4 grass, is widely distributed in various habitats in Taiwan. Among 55 populations in various habitats, six Sites were selected for the study. These sites are namely, Chuwei (an estuary mangrove forest area with high salinity). Sarlun (in a coastal saline area), Kengting (at Taiwan's southern tip with a drought season in winter), Penghu (an islet about 100 km from the west coast that is droughty in most seasons), and Nankang and Hoshe (both inland control Sites with mild weather). Leaves of L cylindrica sampled from these sites were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope for anatomic study in order to see their difference. The results showed that the grass leaves collected from the Chuwei site exhibited a clear difference from those of other sites, revealing a hollow structure in the midrib of leaves and villous trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface. The rhizomes of the grass were also collected from each site, brought back to the laboratory, and were transplanted into pots and grown in a greenhouse of the Academia Sinica. The phenotypic characters, such as plant height and leaf width, of the grasses collected from the field and from the greenhouse were compared. The results showed that plants collected from Chuwei, Sarlun, and Penghu were significantly shorter than those of the remaining three sites. The grass leaves collected from both the field and greenhouse were analyzed by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA. Forty 10 base pair primers were employed, and only 31 primers were adequate. Of them, 82 distinguished bands resulted from the RAPD study, showing the difference among populations of the six sites. Furthermore, using an Euclidean distance method, the phylogenetic relationship among the six populations was obtained. The findings revealed that the Nankang and Hoshe populations evolved into an ecotype, which was significantly different from another cluster of the remaining 4 populations. However, populations at Chuwei and Sarlun formed into a unique ecotype although they were also closer to other populations Penghu and Kengting. The phenotypic, morphological, and molecular data are correlated to each other. |
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