頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 巴西之酒精汽油計畫及推動=Ethanol Fuel Program and Its Implementation in Brazil |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蔡信行; | 書刊名 | 石油季刊 |
| 卷 期 | 33:3 1997.09[民86.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁51-57 |
| 分類號 | 457.9 |
| 關鍵詞 | 汽油; 乙醇; 酒精; 替代燃料; 綠色燃料; Gasoline; Ethanol; Ethyl alcohol; Gasohol; Alternative fuel; Green fuel; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 巴西『酒精燃料計畫』始於1975年,初期以20%體積比率添加入汽油中,至1980年 提高為22%至今。巴西的酒精源自甘蔗,經製糖及醱酵程序製造酒精。1995-1996年間全國酒 精產量為126億公升(76%含水,24%無水),其中約有97-98%用做汽車燃料。目前巴西在車 用燃料供應上有四種,即:酒精燃料(含水純酒精)、MEG燃料(甲醇+乙醇-汽油)、酒 精汽油(22%酒精+汽油)、及柴油。 本計畫也使得巴西能夠開發了一些廣大的新地區,給成千上萬人民創造新機會及工作。 使用酒精來替代石油,使得巴西增加了152倍的就業人口。此計畫的最初投資額為美金110億 元,產生了約270億美元的外匯效益(包括進口替代)。今日巴西可以自誇全部使用『綠色 燃料』,此燃料可以再生,不會造成全球溫昇,可以減少排放一氧化碳50%,而且汽油中全 部避免添加為人們所顧慮的四乙基鉛。 目前在巴西有4.3百萬輛之乙醇為動力之車子,約為小客車總數之40%。其目前的混合酒 精與汽油的消費量,一天約為540千桶,其中酒精大概佔一半。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Brazilian Program for Alcohol Fuel(ethanol) has, for over twenty years. defined three major advantages of alcohol fuel use over petroleum derived fuels. The first of these applies to the development of storage technologies and strategies. The second applies to the performance of the economy and employment rates, and the third to environmental issues. The program started in 1975. It blends 22% of ethanol with gasoline. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation process of sugar from sugarcane. There are four types of motor fuels used in Brazil, i.e., hydrated ethanol, MEG (methanol+ethanol +gasoline), gasohol (22% of ethanol+gasoline), and diesel oil. This program allows Brazil a large-scale use of a renewable fuel, independent of the international oil market. It has also opened up vast new regions of the country, creating new opportunities and jobs for thousands of people. One hundred and fifty two times more people are required to produce the equivalent amount of energy in Alcohol as in Petroleum. The program's inltial investment of US$11 billion has, by means of import substitutions, provided the ecoomy with a foregin exchange credit of US$27 billion. Brazil can now boast the use of green fuel, which is renewable, does not contribute to global warming, reduces carbon monoxide emission by 50%, and has prompted the entire substitution of tetraethyl lead normally added to gasoline. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。