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題名 | 昆蟲性費洛蒙之利用及展望=Practical Use of Insect Sex Pheromones and the Future Outlook |
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作者姓名(中文) | 黃振聲; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 39:1 1997.03[民86.03] |
頁次 | 頁111-124 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 昆蟲性費洛蒙; 臺灣; 利用及展望; Insect; Sex pheromones; Taiwan; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年由於微量化學分析技術的進步,發現很多天然或合成的化學物質與昆蟲的行為、生理及生存息息相關,這些物質通常與生物同種或不同種個體間訊息之傳遞有關,這些物質通常與生物同種或不同種個體間訊息之傳遞有關,故總稱為化學傳訊素(Semiochemicals),此類物質主要可改變昆蟲的行為,故又稱Behavior-modifying chemicals(BMCs),包括費洛蒙(Phermone)、開洛蒙(Kairomone)、阿洛蒙(Allomone)、新洛蒙(Synomone)及阿紐蒙(Apneumone)。化學傳訊素常依引發昆蟲行為反應型式而被稱為誘引、忌避、刺激、抑制及阻礙劑等類,其中以性費洛蒙又稱性誘引劑之利用最為普遍。由於性費洛蒙一般具很強的生物活性、專一性高、持久性長、無毒害、與其他蟲害防治措施(尤其是生物防治)相容性大、及一般實驗室即可產製等特性,因此,性費洛蒙被視為合乎環保條件的生理性防治劑(Biorational pesticides)之一。至今約有一千多種昆蟲的費洛蒙或誘引劑被分離、鑑定及合成,數百種的費洛蒙被廣泛用在蟲害管理體系中,性費洛蒙及其類似物之利用方式主要為:(1)偵測法;(2)大量誘殺法;(3)交配干擾法(或迷惑法);(4)其他利用方式,包括輔助蟲種鑑定,研究害蟲遷移分散行為工具,性費洛蒙兼具開洛蒙者可增強天敵利用率,及被利用來監測田間抗藥性昆蟲的發生等。性洛之研發與利用是屬高科技,須多種學門的研究人員長期通力合作始有所成。展望未來,臺灣性費洛性之研發與利用工作,宜包括;(1)本土主要作物重要害蟲性費洛蒙組成份之分離與鑑定;(2)性費洛蒙簡易大量合成方法之研發;(3)生物檢定技術及性費洛蒙配方之研究;(4)誘捕系統之設計;(5)經濟效益評估;(6)推廣教育等。希望在有志之士共同努力研究之下,性費洛蒙及其類似物在本省的蟲害防治體系中,未來能扮演更重要的角色,提供更適切、成功的利用途徑,並促進殺蟲劑更合理的使用,以確保環境生態的品質。 |
英文摘要 | The great advances in analytical and synthetic chemistry over the past two decades, coupled with sophisticated behavioural research, has led to the identification of many semiochemicals from insects and plants which can be used to modify insect behaviour, physiology, and even to affect insect survival. Sex pheromones (also called sex attractants) is one kind of semiochemicals which possessed some characteristics include natural occurrence, nontoxicity, high bioactivity, species specificity, long potency, and compatibility with other control measures especially biological control. ect., that make sex pheromones as a environmental-friendly bioratioal pesticides. So far, about one thousand of insect pheromones are isolated, identified and synthesized, among them, about three hundreds of sex pheromones and related compounds are practiced worldwide in insect pest management programs. The main uses of insect sex phermones include: (1) survey and monitoring with pheromones for earlywarning, quarantine work, timing of control measures, population trends, dispersion, risk assessement, and effects of control measures, ect,; (2) mass trapping and (3) mating disruption in large-scale with sex pheromones and other attractants to suppress mating and reduce the damage caused by the next generation; (4) another use measures such as assisting closely related species identification, using as a tool of investigating dispersal and migration behaviour, sex pheromones possessed kairomone function can be used to enhance natural enemy effectiveness, and be used to detect the occurrence of insecticide-resistant inscets in the field. The research and development of sex pheromones and employment in insect pest management is a multidisciplinary team work and a high technique application.In the future, the work of R & D of sex pheromones in Taiwan should be included: (1) isolation and identification of sex pheromones for native key insect pests; (2) to develop the simple synthesis methods for local insect sex pheromone components; (3) to develop pheromone bioassay techniques and research on pheromone formulations;(4) trapping system designs; (5) economic and efficiency evaluation for pheromone use, (6) extensive education for farmers, ect. The sex pheromones and related chemicals with their unique properties should play more important and successful role in plant protection and quarantine that will enhance rational use of insecticides, and promote the quality of ecological environoment. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。