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題名 | Studies on Competitive Ability of Rice and Barnyardgrass(4)--Chemical Composition of Plants=水稻與稗草競爭關係之探討(4)--植體化學分析 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 楊純明; 張愛華; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷期 | 17:1 1996.06[民85.06] |
頁次 | 頁3-17 |
分類號 | 433.58 |
關鍵詞 | 競爭能力; 水稻; 稗草; 化學成份; 期作; Competitive ability; Rice; Barnyardgrass; Chemical composition; Crop season; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文研究目的旨在探討臺灣地區兩期作環境下,均質及混植水稻與稗草族群植體化學組成份的改變,以瞭解此兩種植物對營養元素的需要及混植競爭所造成的差異。田間試驗顯示, 無論一、二期作稻株植體乾物中的氮(N)、磷(N)、鉀(K)成份比例自移植本田後呈現下降趨勢,鈣(Ca)為上升曲線,鎂(Mg)則無一致表現(資料未列出)。其中,一期作植體含量大於二期作者而均質族群植株高於混植者。水稻生長期間植體微量元素鐵(Fe)、銅(Cu)、鋅(Zn)、 硼(B)、及錳(Mn)之間的變化並無固定趨勢,惟均質族群植株的含量仍大於混植者。稗草植體乾物中的N、P、K含量分別在一期作移植後的54-68天及二期作移植後的57天達到最高值,且除了Mg以外仍然以一期作植株的含量大於二期作者,均質族群植株較混植植株為高。稗草植體中的微量元素(Fe、Cu、Zn、B、Mn)變化無一定型式,惟均質族群植株的含量亦高於混植者。根據試驗結果,混植水田區的水稻與稗草將互相競爭土壤營養成份,致使其元素吸收量不如均質族群植株,而減少植體中的含量。本文據此建議,為維持水稻的正常生長及產量,應該採行適當措施控制田間稗草族群密度,降低因競爭土壤營養元素或自然資源對水稻生育造成的干擾。 |
英文摘要 | Chemical analysis was conducted on field-grown plants of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Tainung No.67) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] in the first and the second crops of 1994 to determine the contents of macro- and micronutrients. Comparison was made to differentiate the magnitude of these elements in the two species grown under competition. Results showed that on a dry weight basis, contents of N, P, and K of rice plant display a decreasing trend after transplanting in both First and Second crops. The amount of Ca was increased after transplanting. These elements were generally high in pure stands and low in the mixed ones, and accumulated more in the first than in the second cropping season. Although contents of micronutrients, Fe, Cu, Zn, B and Mn, in rice from pure stands were higher than those from the mixed populations, their concentrations varied during the growing periods in either crop. Plants in the first crop also had higher contents than those of the second crop. Macronutrients in barnyardgrass reached the maximum at 54-68 and 57 days after transplanting for the first and the second crops, respectively. Except Mg (data not shown), plants from pure stands had higher contents than from the mixed ones, and plants grown in First crop were higher than grown in Second crop. Such scenario was not fitted for micronutrients, while plants of pure stands always have higher concentrations. Results suggest that either rice or barnyardgrass is a strong competitor for mineral absorption against each other in the paddy field. Nutrient contents in plants of both species will be reduced by the competition of the opponent. To ensure a normal growth and yield of rice, therefore, it is important to control barnyardgrass density during the growing seasons. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。