查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 強制就業計畫之影響評估:支領津貼的雙親家庭個案分析=The Impact Analysis of Mandatory Work Programs on Two-Parent Welfare Caseloads |
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作 者 | 張四明; | 書刊名 | 公共政策學報 |
卷 期 | 18 1997.09[民86.09] |
頁 次 | 頁1-32 |
分類號 | 542.77 |
關鍵詞 | 影響評估; 強制就業計畫; 失依兒童補助計畫; 社會救助; 失業的雙親家庭; Impact evaluation; Mandatory work programs; AFDC; Public assistance; Two-parent welfare recipients; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 自 1980 年代以來,強制就業計畫已成為美國社會福利改革的重點之一。 這項計 畫要求支領生活津貼的貧窮家庭,須以參與職業訓練或社區服務的方式來換取政府的現金救 助,顯示美國公共救助的哲學已從應享權益式的福利,移轉為附帶工作義務的救助措施。此 一改革預期降低請領生活津貼的家庭數目;然而,強制就業計畫的施行是否能影響貧窮家庭 的福利參與,目前的證據仍然相當侷限。本文是少數現有的研究,直接以強制就業計畫與支 領津貼家庭為焦點的實證分析。 分析結果顯示:美國西維州的強制就業計畫平均每月減少 8.5 %支領津貼的雙親家庭; 這 項效果也隨著時間的遞移而逐漸增強;分部化分析的結果則指出:接受救助的雙親家庭減少 ,主要是歸因於新進的家庭數目降低。目述發現不僅給予強制就業政策的功效相當重要的支 持,也可引用來支持 1996 年的美國社會福利改革。此次福利改革的重點之一,除肯定過去 將持續性的工作義務制度化為請領生活津貼的條件,更進一步將強制工作義務的要求與「限 定時間的福利」相結合,使得 1935 年即開辦的失依兒童補助計畫不再是一種應享權益式的 救助措施。 |
英文摘要 | Mandatory Work Programs, as a key reform measure since 1980s, typically require recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) to participate in job training or community service in exchange for their welfare grants. The linkage of work programs to AFDC highlights a shift away from the philosophy of a pure entitlement to welfare receipt that is conditional on working. Such a change is expected to reduce welfare dependency; however, the evidence on whether work programs indeed affect welfare caseloads has been quite limited. This analysis is one of a few studies thus far that focuses directly on the caseload impact issue for work programs. The results indicate that West Virginia's program produces an 8.5% reduction in two-parent caseloads, and the impact tends to grow over time. The evidence also suggests that caseload reductions are largely due to a substantial decline in new entries. These findings not only give critical support to the efficacy of implementing work programs for two-parent recipients, but they also can be cited as supportive of 1996's welfare reform which, among other things, couples an ongoing work requirement with time-limited welfare. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。