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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 利用頂端優勢舒解臺灣平地溫帶梨之高溫逆境 |
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作者 | 林信山; 林嘉興; | 書刊名 | 臺中區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷期 | 48 1995.09[民84.09] |
頁次 | 頁55-68 |
分類號 | 435.312 |
關鍵詞 | 梨; 高溫; 逆境; 頂端優勢; 高接; 營養生長; Pear; Supra-optimum temperature; Stress; Apical dominance; Top-grafting; Vegetative growth; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在台灣平地栽培溫帶梨,夏季高溫逆境導致異常落葉與萌芽,及冬季 低溫不足導致翌春萌芽不正常等,為不能經濟栽培之原因。本試驗嚐試藉頂端優 勢舒解高溫逆境,進而發展出新而有效的栽培模式。乃於一年生新興梨、豐水梨 或幸水梨(Pyrus serotina Rehd. cv. Shinko, Kosui, Hosui)植株樹幹1.8m處高接鳥梨 ,及將幸水梨穗側接在鳥梨樹幹四週後,連續三年調查強勢生長之頂端樹冠對供 試品種生長及舒解高溫逆境之效果。新興梨頂端高接鳥梨者與對照比較,高接者 樹幹之截面積增加、第二波及第三波枝梢較少、新梢停止生長之日期較晚、枝條 之成熟亦較慢、秋季之落葉率因年份而不同、異常萌芽率減少、秋季萌芽未受影 響及花芽率減少等;豐水梨頂端高接鳥梨者與對照比較,高接者樹幹之截面積減 少、各波枝梢數未受影響、新梢停止生長之日期較晚、枝條之成熟較早、秋季之 落葉率較少、異常萌芽率亦減少、秋季萌芽及花芽率未受影響;幸水梨頂端高接 鳥梨者與對照比較,高接者樹幹截面積之增加量未受影響、第一波及第三波枝梢 較多、新梢停止生長之日期較早、枝條之成熟無明顯影響、秋季之落葉率因年份 而表現不一、異常萌芽率增加、秋季萌芽率減少,及花芽率未受影響等;鳥梨植 株側接幸水梨後,鳥梨本身之樹幹截面積增加量,顯著的大於幸水梨高接或無高 接者,與對照幸水梨株比較,側接後之幸水梨枝梢第二波及第三波之枝梢數較少 ,新梢停止生長之日期較晚但整齊,枝條成熟之影響不明確,秋季之落葉率因年 份影響不同,異常萌芽率減少,秋季萌芽率增加,花芽率未受影響。這些結果顯 示側接幸水梨於鳥梨樹幹,利用鳥梨樹冠之頂端優勢舒解幸水梨之高溫逆境及維 持正常生長之可行性。 |
英文摘要 | High-chilling pears can not be cultivated successfully in Taiwan's lowland due to supra-optimum temperature stress including abnormal leaves dropping and buds opening in autumn, as well as insufficient chilling in winter which resulted in the abnormal buds opening in the following spring. This experiment was conducted to study the alleviation effect of supra-optimum temperature stress by apical dominance and try to develop a new cultural model. Niauli scions were top-grafted on one-year old high-chilling pears (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) cv. Shinko, Kosui and Hosui plants on the trunk 180 cm in hight above ground. The other treatment was side-grafting Hosui scions on the Niauli's trunk. A continuous observation of growth habits was undertaken for 3 years. Top-grafting Niauli on Shinko pear increased the trunk cross section area. The shoot number of the 2nd and the 3rd flush decreased. The cessation of shoot terminal growth and the maturation of shoots delayed. The percentage of leaves dropping varied with the year.In autumn, the abnormal leaf dropping decreased, the bud opening percentage did not affect significantly, and the percentage of flower bud decreased; Top-grafting Niauli on Kosui pear decreased the trunk cross section area. This treatment did not affect the shoots number, but delayed the cessation of shoot terminal growth and enhanced the shoot maturation. In autumn, the percentage of leaves dropped and abnormal bud opening decreased. Besides, the percentage of bud opening and flower buds were not affected significantly; Top-grafting Niauli on Hosui pear did not affect the trunk cross section area, but increased the shoots number of the 1st and the 3rd flush. The treatment enhanced the cessation of shoot termination, but did not affect shoot maturation. The leaves dropping varied with the years, and the abnormal bud opening increased in autumn.In addition, the percentage of bud opening decreased, and the percentage of flower bud was not affected; The trunk cross section area of Niauli, which was side-grafted with Hosui scion significantly increased than that of Hosui (control). Comparing the habits of Hosui side-grafted on the Niauli to the Hosui (control), it was found that the shoots number of the 2nd and the 3rd flush decreased, the cessation of shoot termination growth delayed, and the maturation of shoots did not affect indefinitely. In autumn, the percentage of leaf dropping varied with the year, the percentage of abnormal bud opening decreased, the percentage of bud opening increased, but the percentage of flower bud did not affected. These results suggested that Niauli's apical dominance has the possibility to help Hosui to alleviate the stress of supra-optimum temperature in summer time. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。