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題 名 | 孫中山先生「平均地權」的理論和實踐: 一個新的試探 |
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作 者 | 覃怡輝; | 書刊名 | 中山學術論叢 |
卷 期 | 13 1995.06[民84.06] |
頁 次 | 頁117-161 |
分類號 | 005.1855、005.1855 |
關鍵詞 | 平均地權; 公有制; 私有制; The eqaulization of land-right; Public ownership; Private ownership; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「平均地權」是中山先生為解決土地問題而提出的一套政策、主張,其內容可從「目的」和「手段」兩方面去分析。「目的」的選擇是出乎哲學的價值判斷,而「手段」的選擇是基於科學的效果分析。「平均地權」的兩大目標是「地盡其利」和「地利共享」,這樣的價值取向大致可將人類的土地理想包括無遺,並能為大多數的學者和人民所接受。而在手段或方法方面,由於方法是為實現目標而設,因此在方法的選擇上,各學者或改革家不但會因價值取向的不同,而且還會因方法效率的不同,而使得彼此之間有著很大的差異。總括而言,中山先生「平均地權」在方法上第一個最大的特色,就是容許地主或土地使用人可以「自定地價」,因為必須先有了這個「地價」,然後政府才能有一個「稅基」去「照價抽稅」、和一個「原價」去「照價收買」;「平均地權」在方法上第二個最大的特色就是「照價收買」,因為必須有了這個法律工具,政府才能順利地移轉土地的使用權,使土地的使用效率提高,並在使用權移轉的過程中,順利地收取到全部的地價增值。整套的「平均地權」辦法,就是由這「自定地價」和「照價收買」兩大綱領發展出來,並能有效地實現「地盡其利」和「地利共享」兩大土地的理想。 |
英文摘要 | The Equalization of Land-Right is the policy propsed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen to solve the problems of land. Its contents can be divided into two parts: end and means. The 'end' of a policy is derived from the value judgement of a society, yet its 'means' is based on the analysis of scientific efficiency. The two fundamental goals of 'The Equalization of Land-Right' are, firstly, 'to use land efficiently' (implying 'the opportunity to use land should be equal') and, secondly, 'to be benefited equally', ie, the benefits of land should be distributed equally. These two aims can be accepted by most people, but the means to achieve these goals are different from time to time and from society to society. Briefly, there are two cornstones in Dr. Sun' theory. The first one is that the final, formal price of land should be reported/decided by the user/owner of the land; only after there is such a price, then there is a base for government to tax or to expropriate. The second one is that land should be bought/expropriated by government according to its formal price; only after there is such a tool, then the turnover of land and the acquisition of land value increment are possible. The whole set of Dr. Sun's theory is based on these two cornstones. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。