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題 名 | 臺灣先進氣象觀測儀器與相關研究 |
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作 者 | 林沛練; 劉振榮; 陳臺琦; | 書刊名 | 大氣科學 |
卷 期 | 22:4 1994.12[民83.12] |
頁 次 | 頁479-522 |
分類號 | 328.15 |
關鍵詞 | 氣象觀測; 雷達; 衛星; 整合探空系統; Meteorological instrumentation; Radar; ISS; Satellite; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣地區近十年來,氣象觀測儀器有大幅度的進步,其中包括了自動化地面測站、密集雨量測站網、數位化衛星資料接收處理、進步的都普勒雷達網等多項儀器之改善及設置,最近更從美國國家大氣科學研究中心引進先進的整合探空系統ISS(Integrated Sounding System)。本文將以整合探空系統的觀測、氣象雷達的發展,和衛星資料之應用,以及利用這些儀器所進行之觀測研究做為代表,做一個簡單的介紹。因為此三項在未來發展潛力極大,將會對未來十年的氣象作業觀測及研究發生重大的影響。大量的高解析高品質雷達、衛生的資料將即時經由作業系統收集,可以得到詳細的天氣系統之雲系、水氣分佈及降水系統結構。而整合探空系統則可以提供定點上空特別是邊界層詳細的風場、溫度場以及水氣場隨時間之密集變化。 在迎接這些新而多的資訊之前,能預先做好前置之研究,應是這幾年值得投入的工作。除了國際合作對實驗外,國內這兩年開始利用這些先進氣象觀測儀器進行小規模之觀測實驗,如何整合利用作業單位與學術單位之儀器,做一些較完整之觀測,且期望對本土相關之大氣現象有進一步之探索與了解,也是本文希望能藉著觀測研究之介紹而能進一步集思廣義,為未來的實驗投射一個遠景。 |
英文摘要 | In past ten years, observation instrumentation has great progress in Taiwan. For example, the high density automatic surface stations and rain gauges network cover the most area of Taiwan. A Doppler radar network including four NEXRAD radars will be installed around the island by A.C.2000. Among many new development of instrumentation, we will briefly introduce three different types instruments and their applications to the operation and research. First, the Integrated sounding system (ISS) developed at National Center of Atmospheric Research of United State was acquired for its first purpose, the TOGA COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment) experiment mission of Taiwan component. Since Dec. 1993, the ISS has already been installed in Chung-Li and started to play an important role of boundary layer observation which is very vital for monitoring the local weather change with detail temperature, pressure, moisture and wind profile observations. From 1987, there are two Doppler weather radars were installed at two major airports, and short illustration about these two operational radars will be summarized. The current status of NEXRAD (Next generation radar) and the possible network around the island will also introduced. From the past research we found the useful data from Doppler radar did provide the kinematics and dynamic structure of the precipitation systems. The digital satellite data acquisition became more convenient recently. Many different algorithm may be applied and developed to get many atmospheric parameters such as sea surface temperature, cloud amount, cloud top temperature, vertical sounding and ozone content etc. The applications to Taiwan area will be illustrated. This paper is limited to cover all the new instrumentation in Taiwan. However the purpose is to provide an update view of current development and to get more attention to the instrumentation from the meteorological society. Beside the application to the operation and the research, the informations may also be helpful to the future planning of observation experiment. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。