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題 名 | 十七世紀的士大夫基督教徒 |
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作 者 | 阮煒; | 書刊名 | 鵝湖學誌 |
卷 期 | 13 1994.12[民83.12] |
頁 次 | 頁153-172 |
分類號 | 248.2 |
關鍵詞 | 基督教; 儒教; 徐光啟; 利瑪竇; 李之藻; 楊廷筠; Christianity; Confucianism; Xu guangqi; Li zhizao; Yang tingiun; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 明清之際耶穌會士來華傳教,他們竭力調合儒教與基督教的差異,以耶附儒,以耶釋傭,以耶補儒,並利用先進的科技知識,使一批士大夫皈依了基督教。但儒教與基督教之間在義理上本來就存在著根本區別,再加維護儒教作為中華帝國正統意識形態的權威性之歷史必要,以及天主教當局為維護其教之「純潔性」所堅持的非此即彼思維方式,這些因素合在一起,使兩教最終遇是發生了正面衝突,兩教平等接觸的少見的歷史機會也因而轉瞬即逝。這留下一了一個重要的問題供後人思考,如徐光啟之類的人到底是基督徒、儒教徒,還是某種具有雙重信仰身份的人?本文論為,由於儒教傳統強烈的理性精神,在他們的信仰中,儒教始終是主,基督教始終是客,基督教的超理性啟示成份在他們的信仰中並非占有重要地位;甚至採納新信仰本身也不乏「易佛補儒」的功利動機。從社會、政治的角度來看,他們並沒有改變對綱常名教的服膺;從佣人信仰的角度來看,他們並沒有改變根本的儒教信念,甚至不可能不從儒教的角度來領悟和解釋基督教。以此故,本文把他們稱作「士大夫基督教徒」 |
英文摘要 | When Jesuit missionaries came to China towards the end of the Ming Dynasty and at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, they managed to tone down the essential differences between Christianity and Conflicianism, adapting Christian doctrines to explain and complement Confucianism, and thus "converted" a certain number of high-ranking Confucian scholar-officials. However, there exist important doctrinal defferences between the two religions. In addition, there was the historical necessity of maintaining the authoritative status Confucianism enjoyed In Imperial China; and the Catholic authorities adopted an unfortunate attitude of in China. All these combined eventually led to direct ideological intolerance to preserve the "purity" of Christianity confrontations between Christianty and Confucianism, and thus the rare dialogical opportunity on an equal footing for the two religions was lost. Yet this leaves an important question to be answered by later generations, that is, were scholar-officials of Xu Guangqi's type Christians, Confucians or persons with double religious believes? The present essay holds that in their religious beliefs, because of a strong rational spirit in the Confucian tradition, Confucianism always remained the, "host", whereas Christianity played only a role of the "guest"; that the ultra-rational elements of revelation of Christianity were of only an insubstantial proportion; that even their very act of adopting the new belief was not devoid of an utilitarian motivation of "using Christianity to replace Buddhism and reinforce Confucianism". Sociologically and politically speaking, they all preserved their practice; so far as their Ideological identity of Confucianism. It can even be argued that could not have Confucian done otherwise than apprehend and interpret Christianity from the basic ground of Confucianism. For these reasons, the present essay labels them "Confucian Christians". |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。