查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 論危機處理原則: 以中、美經驗為例= |
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作者 | 林正義; |
期刊 | 中山學術論叢 |
出版日期 | 19940600 |
卷期 | 12 1994.06[民83.06] |
頁次 | 頁143-167 |
分類號 | 578.01 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 危機; 危機處理; 外交政策; Crisis; Crisis management; Foreign policy; |
中文摘要 | 危機的定義依研究方法而有所不同。危機可歸類為外交政策危機及國際危機。 前著強調的重點是決策者在有限時間內,對威脅國家安全利益的事件,迅速做出決定。 後者則由宏觀角度來分析危機帶給國際體系的不安定程度。 本文將危機處理原則歸納為六項,包括: 一、需有常設危機處理組織; 二、前瞻性的危機預防措施; 三、限制已方的目標及要求; 四、文人決策者需主控危機處理; 五、溝通管道的重要性; 六、第三者介入危機處理的重要性。 除危機管理原則外,決策者需運用談判、第三者調停、非軍事壓力、非暴力的軍事手段、暴 力軍事手段等技巧來解決危機。 危機處理涉及方案選定、決策執行,而結果可區分為勝利、妥協、僵局、失敗。 決策者透過危機處理結果的探討,可累積經驗,避免重複類似的錯誤。 |
英文摘要 | Definitions of crisis in international relations are multiple and sometimes controversial. However, approaches to the study of crisis decision-making can be grouped into two categories. The first caregory includes foreign policy crises dealing with the decision makers' perception of threats to basic values and the short period of time for them to respond to the crisis. The second category includes crises involving that two or more sovereign states engaged in a series of interactions likely escalating to a war that could seriously undermine the stability of the international system. The major technique for crisis management includes negotiation, mediation, non-military pressure, non-violent military acion and violent military action. Decision makers would follow certain rules for crisis management in deciding upon the use of such techniques to avoid a crisis escalating to a general war: (1)necessity of an institutionalized crisis management unit; (2)importance of crisis prevention; (3)limitation of one's objectives and demands; (4)civilian control throughout the crisis decision; (5)maintenance of communications throuhgout the confrontation; (6)necessity of an intermediary. Victory, compromise, stalemate and defeat are four major outcomes of crises, through which decision makers can easily judge whether the rules and techniques they adopted in crisis management are successful or not. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。