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題 名 | 論陶淵明的任真 |
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作 者 | 蔡瑜; | 書刊名 | 國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學 |
卷 期 | 4:1 1994.01[民83.01] |
頁 次 | 頁15-37 |
分類號 | 782.832 |
關鍵詞 | 任真; 真; 偽; 躬耕; 養真; 真性本心; 隨化; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「任真」一辭是歷來詩評家為陶淵明塑造的基本形象。任真不僅代表陶淵明的人 格特質,同時,也因為任真是一自我追尋並實踐的歷程,呈現在生活中的是返璞歸真的單純 ,反映在詩文中的便是自然平淡,因此,欲了解陶淵明如何開古淡之宗,並展現出外枯中膏 、似淡實美的風格,都必須對此一內在特質做一番整體探究。本文分成四個主要部份,其一 :論何謂任真,一方面界定「真」的涵義,另一方面說明做為生存原則的任真應該包涵的面 向。其二:論真為與偽,旨在說明任真始於一「法偽遠俗」的自我覺知,此自我覺知源於真 誠地面對內在的「不安」之感,而努力解決自我意識分歧的狀況。本節以陶淵明仕隱的抉擇 及對儒家文化的省思為例,說明此一自我覺知與整合的過程。其三,論躬耕與養真,旨在說 明自我覺知後仍須透過存養功夫方能保真,而躬耕是陶淵明辭官後解生計並堅持保真的唯一 選擇。藉著對其躬耕生活的全面探討,分析躬耕所以能養真的原因。其四,論任真與隨化, 乃透過陶淵明「隨化」的生死觀說明此一人生智慧是其所以能納窮達、成毀、名利、富貴於 一真實的人生觀照中,以識運知命的態度坦然以對,而達到縱心的任真自得之境。 |
英文摘要 | The prominent poet Tao Yuan-ming (陶淵明,365-427) has been acclaimed by scholars and critics as having embodied the quintessence of "unbridling sincerity" (任真 ). He gained this reputation not only through his vigorous personal pursuit of a fulfilled life, but also by crating a body of poetic work that initiates the aesthetic tradition of simplicity and naturalness. This paper presents my analysis of Tao's search for "unbridling sincerity"--a kind of truthfulness that consists in facing, and results in releasing, an individual's true self. First, I define the concept and show how it can be put into practice as a living principle. Second, I elaborate the relationship between sincerity and hypocrisy by showing how Tao tried to cultivare an sincerity" attempted to "remove hypocrisy and flee vulgarity" (去偽遠俗 ) in his life, and how his self-awakening arose from his personal confrontation of existential anxieties-- for example, through the hard choice he had to make between retirement and continued service, and through his reflections on Confucianism. In the third section I discuss how Tao tried to cultivare an authentic self by taking on a peasant lifestyle following his retirement from public life. Farming became the only way in which he could both made a living and keep his integrity. Finally, I address the relationship between "unbridling sincerity" and "casual mutability" (隨化 )--a relationship which encompasses the poet's Taoist-based thoughts on death--in order to demonstrate how the wisdom of sincerity contributed to his attitudes toward life and to his eventual spiritual liberation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。