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題名 | 蔗芒屬間雜種複多元體育種之研究 |
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作 者 | 陳燿煌; 陳成; 羅傳成; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學農學院研究報告 |
卷期 | 33:4 1993.12[民82.12] |
頁次 | 頁251-265 |
分類號 | 434.714 |
關鍵詞 | 甘蔗; 芒; 蔗芒雜種; 複多元體; 懸浮培養; 氣孔; 染色體; 秋水仙鹼; Saccharum; Miscanthus; Saccharum-micanthus hybrids; Amphipolyploids; Suspension culture; Stomata; Chromosome; Colchicine; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究成功的建立兩套蔗芒屬間雜種組織和細胞培養的模式系統。模式 一,莖頂分生組織誘導癒合組織後,芽體直接自此癒合組織上自動分化。模式二, 華頂分生組織誘導癒合組織,經繼代培養增殖後,進行細胞懸浮培養一段時期, 細胞團再誘導芽體之分化。採用模式二的系統,利用蔗芒屬間雜種SM-79006, SM-79016和SM-79037等為材料,以濃度50ppm和100ppm秋水仙鹼處理懸浮培養細 胞,經再生得到868株衍生系。逢機選取來自SM-79016之28株衍生系,進行氣孔 長度測量及體細胞分裂鏡檢,發現氣孔長度介於25.1μm~45.0μm之間,染色體 數目則分佈於2n=Ca.103~220。二者的關係顯示氣孔長度在34.4μm以上者為染色 體加倍之複多元體植株,染色體未加倍的個體其氣孔長度皆小於34.4μm。秋水 仙鹼對衍生系染色體倍加有良好的效果,濃度50和100ppm時各有42.0和16.1的衍 生系為複多元體,未經秋水仙鹼處理之對照組,其染色體沒有倍加的現象。 農藝性狀調查結果顯示,染色體倍加的個體,某些與栽培甘蔗有關的性狀表現良 好,包括蔗莖內容佳、空蒲心小,蔗汁錘度高且完全不開花。但是亦同時造成某 些性狀的劣化,包括較差的生長勢,較短的莖長、較細的莖徑、較少的莖數,葉 片更短更狹窄,單株蔗產量甚低,植株甚為衰弱,生育競爭力極差,16月蔗齡時 只剩57.4的植株可存活。此蔗芒屬間雜種複多元體遺傳行為與育種價值有待進一 步研究。 |
英文摘要 | We had established two model systems in tissue and cellsuspension culture for Saccharum-Miscanthus (S-M) hybrids. Model 1:explant→callus→plant regenerated automatically. Model II: explant→callus → callus prolification → cell suspension culture → cell clusterprolification → plant regeneration in regeneration medium. Usingmodel II , a population of 868 plants were regenerated fromcoicchicine-treated cell suspension culture of three S-M hybrids forthe study of amphipolyploidy under S-M nobilization. Cytogeneticexamination of the regenerated plants showed that there was a widevariation of chromosome numbers from 2n=Ca.103 to 220. Stomatallength in the regenerated plants ranged from 25.1 μ m to 45.0 μ m.Plants have stomata longer than 34.4 nm belonged to the chromosomedoubled group. The group of un-doubled chromosome number hadstomata shorter than 34.4 μ m. The percentage of amphipolyploidoccurred in colchicine-induced derivatives were 42.0 at 50ppm and16.1 at 100ppm, while none was obtained in un-treated control. Theresults of studies on agronomic traits showed that plants withchromosome doubled were non-flowering, smaller pithness and cavity,higher brix, but weaker vigorousness, shorter stalk length, thinnerstalk diameter, fewer stalk number, shorter and narrower leaf andlower cane yield than plants with chromosome un-doubled. |
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