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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Extraordinary Phenomenon of Cell Division in "Saccharum, Miscanthus", and Their Nobilized Progenies=蔗芒屬間雜種異常細胞分裂行為之研究 |
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作 者 | 陳燿煌; 陳成; 羅傳成; | 書刊名 | 臺灣糖業公司研究所研究彙報 |
卷期 | 170 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁次 | 頁27-44 |
分類號 | 434.714 |
關鍵詞 | 芒; 甘蔗; 屬間雜種; 高貴化; 染色體配對; 非同步分裂; 未減數配子; 染色體丟失; 核仁; Miscanthus; Saccharum; Intergeneric hybrid; Nobilization; Chromosome pairing; Unsynchronization; Unreduced gamete; Chromosome elimination; Nucleolus; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 以芒原種、栽培甘蔗親本及其屬間雜種為材料,進行細胞遺傳學上的研究,本文報告此研究過程中所發現的四種細胞分裂異常行為,並討論其在蔗芒高貴化育種過程中所存在的意義。由花粉母細胞減數分裂過程中所出現的異常配對現象,包括單價體、三價體及四價體等分佈的情形,推測蔗芒屬間F1雜種的染色體組是由栽培甘蔗親本的一半染色體及芒原體的全部染色體所組成,即所謂的SMM型。本研究同時發現花粉母胞第二減數分裂的現象,造成四分子期時有三分子出現,此三分子中未完成減數分裂的一個細胞因此帶有2n的染色體數目,接著發育成未減數的花粉,蔗芒屬間F1雜種所具有的MM染色體組,推測即是來自芒原種的未減數花粉。蔗芒屬間F1雜種花粉母胞減數分裂過程中隨處可見的遲滯染色體及微核,推測是蔗芒高貴化過程中芒原種染色體丟失的主要原因。體胞有絲分裂過程中,芒原種一般具有一到二個核仁,栽培甘蔗親本具有一到七個核仁,但是蔗芒屬間F1雜種則僅具有一到三個核仁,胞中不同來源染色體空間分佈的隔離可能影響不同來源核仁的融合,進而造成前述核仁數目的改變。 |
英文摘要 | The project of Miscanthus nobilization in Taiwan Sugar Research Institute had been conducted from 1975 to 1989. During this period of time, some cytogenetic studies, using Miscanthus spp., Saccharum parents and nobilized progenies as materials, were undertaken. This paper reports four kinds of extraordinary phenomenon during cell division. Both the somatic chromosome number and the abnormal chromosome pairing, including univalents, trivalents, and tetravalents during meiosis of pollem mother cells (PMC), indicated that the expected genomic constitution of intergeneric hybrid (F1) was composed of haploidy Saccharum and diploidy Miscanthus genomes, SMM. We found unsynchronized division in two daughter cells during meiosis Ⅱ and triads instead of tetrads in the tetrad stage of these materials. One cell with 2n number of chromosomes in the triads might develop into unreduced pollen. The MM genome presented in the F1 hybrid might be the result of unreduced pollen of Miscanthus spp. Lagging chromosome or micronucleus which are commonly found in meiosis of the intergeneric hybrids could be the explanation for the elimination of the Miscanthus chromosome. Being different from the typical one to tow nucleoli of Miscanthus in mitosis or meiosis, Saccharum parent, F153, exhibited nucleolus numbers from one to seven with probable delay of chromosome pairing in meiosis. However, only one to three nucleoli were counted in the intergeneric hybrid, and the spatial isolation of the bhromosomes in call would affect the fusion of nucleoli from different genomic sources. |
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