頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 巿售腐植酸肥料品質研究 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 林景和; | 書刊名 | 臺中區農業改良場研究彙報 |
| 卷 期 | 35 1992.06[民81.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁47-57 |
| 分類號 | 432.235 |
| 關鍵詞 | 肥料; 品質; 腐植酸; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本試驗在調查市售腐植酸肥料中與土壤及作物營養有關之成分和一般 理化性質,以評析各種市售腐植酸肥料之品質。試驗結果發現測試的十一種腐植 酸肥料,有三種肥料之腐植酸含量在8∼10%之間,而未達政府目前對該類肥料 所訂之10%含量低限;所有測試肥料之灰分含量均在32%以下,且彼此間有極 大差異,顯示產品間無機成分含量差異很大。一般植物養分元素含量方面,碳含 量在2.5∼43.0%;氮含量在0.16∼1.60%。磷含量0.25%以下,其中磷含量接近 文獻記載之土壤及地下水中腐植酸之磷含量範圍。樣品之鈉、鉀含量依次分別在 0.2∼9.6%與0.0∼3.5%之間,隨其使用NaOH或KOH為萃取劑萃取含腐植酸材 質而分別含甚高量的鈉或鉀。樣品之鈣含量低於0.67%;鎂含量低於0.06%。硫 含量低於0.49%。硫含量低於文獻記載之土壤,水體或堆肥之腐植酸者。樣品之 氯含量均低於0.01%。重金屬含量方面:砷含量在3.39ppm以下。鎘含量在2.30 ppm以下。鉻含量在11.9ppm以下。銅含量在21.80ppm以下。供試固態、液態 樣品各有一種之汞含量達0.06ppm,其餘樣品均無法測出。鎳含量在20.4ppm以 下;鉛含量在28.8ppm以下;鋅含量在128ppm以下。此結果亦顯示,樣品因原 料來源不同而使部分產品具較高之某重金屬。理化性質方面,除一種為酸性外, 其餘產品之pH在8.8∼10.4,顯示大多數市售腐植酸肥料為強鹼性;此與學術上 所稱之腐植酸為酸性者不同,故嚴格而言,這些商品宜稱為含腐植酸之鹼性物 質。測試樣品之250及1,000倍稀釋液電導度均低於3,200us/cm,故以此濃度直 接灌注土壤對作物應無鹽害。供試腐植酸肥料之陽離子交換能量在29∼673 cmol/kg,但形成CEC之化學基如何,有待研究。供試液態產品之粒徑大小測試 結果可歸兩類,一類約1um屬粘粒之範圍,另一類在5um以上屬坋粒規格。就 粒子比表面積影響表面物理及化學反應而言,粒子較小之液態腐植酸具有較高活 性,應有利於田間施用的表現。 |
| 英文摘要 | The study evaluated the quality of commercial humic acid fertilizers by analyzing their related features and compositions to soil and crops. The results showed that three of the eleven sampled products contained 8-10% humic acid which were slightly lower than the 10% down level of the Goverment standard on humic acid fertilizers. However, the ash contents of the commercial humic acid fertilizers were below 32% and had significant differences among them, which indicating the various inorganic composition varied widely. As to the plant nutrient content aspects, they were listed as follows: 2.5-43.0% of carbon, 0.16-1.60% of nitrogen, under 0.25% of phosphorus which was similar to that of literature-issued humic acid from soil and ground water. 0.2-9.6% of sodium and 0.0-5.7% of potassium, which indicating products of higher content of sodium or potassium by using NaOH or KOH as original extractant for humic acid respectively, under 0.67% of calcium, under 0.06% of magnesium, under 0.49% of sulfur which was lower to the published values of humic acids from soils or water bodies or composts, and under 0.01% of chloride to all the samples. Refering to heavy metal content aspects, the results are summarized as follows: under 3.39 ppm of arsenic, under 2.30 ppm of cadmium, under 11.9 ppm of chromium, under 21.80 ppm of copper, not detectable quanity of mercury except one liquid-type and one solid-type products, under 28.8 ppm of lead, and under 128.40 ppm of zinc to all sampled products. The results also showed that different extractable raw materials caused some products contained higher specific heavy metal elements. In the aspects of physical and chemical properities, all products but one are very alkali with pH value of 8.8-10.4 which off- seted to that of so called academic humic acid with acidic feature. So it would be proper to know them as humic acid-containing alkali substances. The electric conductivity of 1:250 or 1:1,000 diluted solutions of the sampled products were under 3,200m s/cm and could be sprayed directly to soil without causing electric conductivity-induced harm to crops. All products' cation exchange capacity (CEC) were in 29-673 cmol/kg but the chemical groups contributed CEC were still obscure. The particle sizes of liquid-type products had two categories with one under 1m m and another over 5m m which could be devided into clay- and silt-size respectively. The smaller particles would be more active on surface physical, chemical reactions and would be more effective to crop growth. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。