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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 玉米幼苗在低溫下生長之遺傳研究 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 何千里; 呂宗佳; 李成章; | 書刊名 | 宜蘭農工學報 |
卷期 | 4 1992.04[民81.04] |
頁次 | 頁103-122 |
分類號 | 434.11 |
關鍵詞 | 幼苗; 玉米; 生長; 低溫; 遺傳; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗利用三個硬粒種及三個馬齒種玉米自交系,進行6X6全互交分 析,探討玉米在低溫下幼苗葉片數及莖葉乾重兩項性狀之遺傳行為、組合力效 應、雌親及雄親效應與雜種潛勢現象。試驗結果摘要如下:1.低溫下玉米幼苗葉片 數及莖葉乾重兩項坐長性狀,在親本及雜交組合間均有極顯著之遺傳變異存在。 遺傳變異其有顯著累加性、顯性及上位性效應。2.上述幼苗兩項生長性狀之一般 組合力及特定組合力效應均達極顯著水準,且一般組合力均力顯著大於特定組合 力均方,顯示有效利用累加性遺傳變異,將有利於兩項性狀之改良。3.玉米幼苗 之耐寒性表現,可以幼苗莖葉乾重為指標。莖葉乾重之一般組合力效應以中晚熟 種及熱帶型硬粒種自交系較高;特定組合力則以早熟種X早熟種、中晚熟種X中 晚熟種及馬齒種X硬粒種之組合較高,4.兩項性狀之正反交效應均顯著存在,此 效應係由雌親及雄親共同支配,因雌親均方較雄親為大,顯示雌親效應更具重要 性。其中以Hi33優良耐寒自交系,母本效應最為顯著。5.兩項性狀在多數雜交組 合表現有超顯性之雜種潛勢值,顯示耐寒性具有雜種優勢現象。但由於受母本效 應之影響,正反交組合所表現之雜種潛勢值,符號及數值頗不一致,育種土對耐 寒性雜種優勢之利用,宜審慎選擇親本及其雜交組合方式。 |
英文摘要 | Each of three flint and dent maize inbreds were analyzed in a 6x6diallel sets for quantitative inheritance, combining ability effect, maleand female parental effects as well as heterosis phenomenon.Experimental results were summarized as follows:1. Two characters investigated under low temperature had highly significant genetic variations among parental inbreds and their hybrid combinations. The genetic variation of seedling leaf number and seedling shoot dry weight were both due to the significant additive, dominance and epistatic effects.2. Highly significant general and specific combining ability effects were found among inbreds and hybrids, respectively, for characters investigated under low temperature. Mean squares of general combining ability effect were higher than specific combining ability effect, indicating the importance of additive gene effect.3. Two characters investigated under low temperature indicated that seedling shoot dry weight could be the index for evaluation of cold tolerance. High general combining ability effects for seedling shoot dry weight were found in intermediat and flint inbreds; high specific combining ability effects were found in early x early, intermediate xintermediate, and dent x flint hybrid combinations. 4. Reciprocal - cross effects were significant for all characters inves tigated under low temperature and were due to both female and male parental effects. The mean squares of female were higher than male parents, indicating the importance of maternal effect. The cold tolerant inbreds Hi33 with highest maternal effects for all characters investigated was found.5. Two characters for most of the hybrid combinations had high hybrid potence value due to the gene action of overdominance, indicating that cold tolerance had heterosis phenomenon. However, due to maternal effect the signs and the values of the hybrid potence value for hybrids and their reciprocal crosses were not consistence. Careful selection of parental inbreds and their heterosis pattern was important in breeding maize for cold tolerance. |
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