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題名 | 玉米在低溫下發芽之遺傳研究 |
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作者 | 何千里; 呂宗佳; 李成章; | 書刊名 | 宜蘭農工學報 |
卷期 | 4 1992.04[民81.04] |
頁次 | 頁83-102 |
分類號 | 434.11 |
關鍵詞 | 玉米; 低溫; 發芽; 遺傳; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗利用三個硬粒種及三個馬齒種玉米自交系,進行6x6全互交分 析,探討玉米在低溫下之發芽兩項性狀之遺傳行為、組合力效應、雌親及雄親效 應與雜種潛勢現象。試驗結果摘要如下:1.低溫下調查兩項性狀,親本間具有極顯 著之遺傳變異存在。低溫發芽率及發芽係數等兩性狀之遺傳變異具有顯著之累加 性效應。2.兩項發芽性狀之一般組合力顯著,特定組合力效應未顯著,且一般 組合力均方顯著大於特定組合力均方,顯示累加性基因作用更具重要性。3.玉米 低溫發芽之耐寒性表現,可以發芽率、發芽係數為指標。兩項發芽性狀均以早熟 種及溫帶型馬齒種自交系所具有之一般組合力效應較高。4.兩項性狀之正反交效 應均顯著存在,此效應係由雌親及雄親共同支配,因雌親均方較雄親為大,顯示 雌親效應更具重要性。其中以Hi26及Hi33兩個優良耐寒自交系,母本效應最為 顯著。5.兩項性狀在多數雜交組合表現有超顯性之雜種潛勢值,顯示耐寒性具有 雜種優勢現象。但由於受母本效應之影響,正反交組合所表現之雜種潛勢值,符 號及數值頗不一致,育種上對耐寒性雜種優勢之利用,宜審慎選擇親本及其雜交 組合方式。 |
英文摘要 | Each of three fling and dent maize inbreds were analyzed in a 6x6diallel sets for investigation of quantitative inheritance, combiningability effect, male and female parental effects as well as heterosisphenomenon. Experimental results were summarized as follows;1. Two characters investigated under low temperature had highly significant genetic variations among parental inbreds and their hybrid combinations. The genetic variation of germination rate and coefficient of the rate of germination were due to the significant additive effect.2. Significant general combining ability effects were found among inbreds, for characters investigated under low temperature, germination rate and coefficient of the rate of germination. Mean squares of general combining ability effect were higher than specific combining ability effect, indicating the importance of additive gene effect.3. Two characters investigated under low temperature, germinationrate, coefficient of the rate of germination could be the indexes for evaluation of cold tolerance. High general combining ability effects for germination rate and coefficient of the rate of germination were found in intermediate mature and dent inbreds.4. Reciprocal - cross effects were significant for all two characters investigated under low temperature and were due to both female and male parental effects. The mean squares of female were higher than male parents, indicating the importance of maternal effect. However, two cold tolerant inbreds, Hi26 and Hi33 with highest maternal effects for all two characters investigated were found.5.Two characters for most of the hybrid combinations had high hybrid potence value due to the gene action of overdominance, indicating that cold tolerance had heterosis phenomenon. However, due to maternal effect the signs and the values of the hybrid potence value for hybrids and their reciprocal crosses were not consistence. Careful selection of parental inbreds and their heterosis pattern were important in breeding maize for cold tolerance. |
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