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題名 | 生育期間氣溫與日照氣象因子對於超甜玉米農藝性狀之影響= |
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作者 | 劉孔生; |
期刊 | 宜蘭農工學報 |
出版日期 | 19910800 |
卷期 | 3 1991.08[民80.08] |
頁次 | 頁1-32 |
分類號 | 434.147 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 日照; 生育期; 因子; 性狀; 氣象; 氣溫; 甜玉米; 農藝; |
中文摘要 | 氣溫與日照會顯著的影響超甜玉米生育,本試驗以Honey 236與臺農育M2號為材料, 分別於8月、10月、12月、2月、4月及6月六個播種期種植於臺灣省農業試驗所試驗農場,觀 察不同之氣溫、日照對農藝性狀之影響。試驗結果中6月播種期因生育溫度最高,使開花、 吐絲及生育日數縮短,12月播種期則最長。在氣溫降低時果皮韌度會隨之減少,但苞葉比率 反而增加。日照方面,4月播種期恰逢雨季,累積日照時數最少,故公頃產量與單穗鮮重均 最低;10月播種日照充足,使二者達於最高。 Honey 236與臺農育M2號的種源分別來自溫帶及熱帶地區,對於溫度反應不同,在低溫時臺 農育M2號的開花、吐絲、生育日數延遲的程度大於Honey 236。而子粒行數在高溫時Honey 236較多;低溫則以臺農育M2號較多。株高、穗位高屬於品種特性,不因溫度而改變。對於 日長的反應,Honey 236為短日型植物,臺農育M2號較鈍感。 參試品種(系)及播種期之主效應在12個農藝性狀都達於顯著水準,二者之交感效應則在苞 葉比率、穗長、穗徑及果皮韌度方面不顯著。各農藝性狀間的相關,會受到高、低溫度的影 響,但開花、吐絲、生育日數三者間無論高低溫均呈極顯著正相關。參試品種(系)的品種 特性亦影響性狀間相關,例如子粒行數與開花、吐絲、生育日數之間,Honey 236為極顯著正 相關。在臺農育M2號則為極顯著負相關。 至於各氣象因子對農藝性狀之重要程度,以全期有效積溫(B)為首,共計影響五種農藝性 狀,因此有學者用來估算生育期,至於平均每日高低溫差及累積日照時數亦參與多項農藝性 狀的表現,平均每日有效積溫則不重要。 |
英文摘要 | The growth of supersweet corn is influenced by temperature and sunshine. In order to understand the effects of different growth temperatures and photoperiodon agronomic characters in supersweet corn, this experiment was conducted by using Honey 236 and TNGYu M2 both single cross hybrids as materials and planted at six planting dates (August, October, December, February, April, June, respectively) at the experimental field in TARI. The results indicated that planting in June, had the shortest days from planting to flowering, siking and harvest owing to the high temperature during growing period, planting at December had the longest days from planting to flowering, silking and harvest. The penetration strength of pericarp was decreased at low temperation, and percentage of husk was higher than other plating dates. When planting in April, owing to too many rainy days decrease the accumulated sunshin duration, the yield and ear fresh weight were lower than other planting dates, and planting in October had the highest yield and ear fresh weight owing to plentiful shushine. Honey 236 the temperate variety, and TNGYu M2 which derived from tropical germ plasm had different responses to temperature. The flowering, silking snd harvest dates of TNGYu M2 were much longer than when growth at low temperature. Honey 236 had more kernel Honey 236 rows than TNGYu M2 at high temperature, but less than TNGYu M2 at low temperature. Plant height and ear height were the characteristics of varieties, they were not influenced by temperature. Honey 236 was short day variety, it was senstive to day length but TNGYu M2 not. The major effects of varieties and plating dates were significant on 12 agronomic characters, and the interaction effects between variteties and planting dates were nonsignificant on husk percentage, ear length, ear diameter and pericarp penetrance. The correlations among agronomic charaters were affected by temperature, except the correlation among flowering, silking and harvest dates were positively significant correlated at both low and high temperatures. The correlations between kernel rows and flowering, silking, harvest dates in Honey 236 were positively significant, but negatively significant in TNGYu M2, round. depending on their genetic background. The parameters to caculating temperature and sunshine had different ifluences on agronomic characters. The most importent parameters was the accumulated heat units(B), there were 5 agronomic characters influenced by it and some breeders use this parameter to esitmate harvest date. The average difference between the highest and the lowerest temperature in one day, and accumulated sunshine duration affected many agronomic characters, but avaerage heat units had no influence. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。