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題 名 | 力行哲學與存在主義的教育思想比較研究 |
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作 者 | 蔡輝龍; | 書刊名 | 彰化師範大學學報 |
卷 期 | 2 1991.06[民80.06] |
頁 次 | 頁41-55 |
分類號 | 520.11 |
關鍵詞 | 力行哲學; 存在主義; 思想; 教育; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 一.研究目的:力行哲學是哲學的一種,先總統 蔣公本於知難行易學說, 發揚中國古哲人本與重行的思想。其重視人性,主張即知即行,知行合一,表現 在教育理論上,如的探討固然重要,尤貴於行的實踐,知行互進,以充實力行的 人生。存在主義固亦重視人性的尊嚴與價值,教育的目的在促進個體的自我實現, 但力行哲學更把個人擴大到社會,藉力行以造就更完美的人生,進而改善社會, 其樂觀進取、積極奮鬥乃存在主義所不及的。要而言之,本文旨在闡釋力行哲學 的優越性、價值性、實用性與可行性。 二.研究方法:採「敘述研究,中的文獻分析法,力行哲學與存在主義有關文件的蒐 集、分析、評述。 三.結論1.教育目的上:存在主義強調人本中心,教有應以全人為對象,與力行哲學 以人為基點,強調人的建設是相同的,但人與宇宙的關係,兩者觀點不同。2.教育 方法上:存在主義重視個人的自我實現,對教育效果的肯定,與力行哲學的力行人 生,以行來創造一切,充實個人生活是相同的,但兩者在群己的看法上不同。 3.教育內容上:存在主義主張教材應多選擇能涵育有個性,發展其潛能的教材之觀 點與力行哲學的因才施教是相同的,但兩者對人文科學與自然科學的比重土看法 不同。 4.哲學基礎上:存在主義持變的本體論,真理難以落實,影響到教育上,偏重個人 的自由發展,認為人是生活在空無、焦慮之中,人的存在是建立在不確定和混沌 的未來,悲觀消極及死無的教育,對學生身心的健康,當然會有不良的影響。此 與力行哲學的天不變,道不變,真理永恆而積極進取的健康人生,完美人生則不 可同日而語。 |
英文摘要 | I. PURPOSE FOR STUDY: The Philosophy of Action plays emphasis on human nature and on an integration of knowledge and practice. The idea expressed in educational theories indicates that a pursuit for knowledge is important but to put knowledgeinto practice is more important. An interrelationship between knowledge andaction can enrich a life based on practice. Existentialism also puts stress onhuman dignity and value, and believes the purpose for education is to promoteself-realization. However, the philosophy of Action aims to enlarge individual tosociety, create a perfect life, and, further, to improve our society through practice. This optimistic and positive attitude is what Existentialism lacks. To sumup the purpose of this essay is to expound the superiority, value, practicality,and feasibility of the philosophy of Action. II. RESEARCH METHOD The Document Analysis of "Descriptive Research" is adopted with focuson collection, analysis, and comments on the related materials of both thePhilosophy of Action and Existentialism. III. CONCLUSION: 1. Educational purpose: Existentialism stresses the importance of humanbeings, and believes that educational subjects should be the whole mankind.Similarly, the philosophy of Action regards man as the basis and center foreducation. Nevertheless, they have different views on the relations betweenman and universe. 2. Educational method: Existentialism plays emphasis on individual self-realization, and affirms the effect of education. Similarly, the philosophy ofAction focuses on action and, through action, creates the world and makes afuller human life. However, they differ in their views on the relations betweengroup and individual. 3. Educational contents: Existentialism chooses the teaching materialswhich can cultivate character, develop human potentiality. Similarly, thePhilosophy of Action believes educational instruction should vary according todifferent students' talents. However, the two ideas put different emphasis onhuman science and natural science. 4. Philosophical basis: Existentialism holds the ever-changing ontology. Itis hard to be certain; consequently, the influence on education results in theover-stress on individual's freedom. It believes that man lives in nothingnessand anxiety, and that human existence is built upon the uncertain andconfused future. This kind of pessimistic and nihilist view of education,undoubtedly, exerts negative impact on the students' mind and body. On 'thecontrary, the Philosophy of Action holds that the heaven is eternal, the way of the universe is unchanging, time is perpetual, and life is perfect, healthy, andprogressive. This is a totally different view from that of Existentialism. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。