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題名 | 雜種水稻產量生理研究 (1):非感光性品系於中間作栽培之光合物質生產能力 |
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作者 | 張富洲; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 153 1991.03[民80.03] |
頁次 | 頁51-59 |
分類號 | 434.113 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 生理; 生產; 光合物質; 非感光性; 栽培; 產量; 雜種; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗以具有高產潛力之雜種水稻品系臺秈雜育2、6與10號及對照品種臺中秈10號為材料,於1989年五月下旬挿秧,探討雜種品系用為中間作栽培時的光合物質生產能力表現,及與葉面積及葉片氮素含量間的關係,進而評估雜種水稻的產量潛能,與利用於一年一作栽培之可行性。試驗結果顯示各供試水稻材料有極旺盛的營養生長,齊穗期葉面積指數均在6以上,雜種品系劍葉與第二葉面積為總葉面積之45%以上,臺中秈10號僅為34%,亦即葉片的立體結構有異。在有關光合物質生產能力的性狀表現方面臺秈雜育10號與臺中秈10號表現相近,與臺秈雜育2號及6號顯著不同;雖然各供試品種與品系的作物生長速率以最高分蘖期至齊穗期最高,可達180-240 kg/ha.day,但臺秈雜育2號及6號仍顯著優於臺秈雜育10號,因此於齊穗期具有較高的乾物累積量;唯穀粒充實期間反以臺秈雜育10號與臺中秈10號的作物生長速率較高,且於全生育期間表現較平均的生長速率。各品種與品系於齊穗期後的光合能力低落,此一時期的乾物生長量僅為最終乾物量之13-30%,因此穗重偏低;於品種及品系間比較,發現臺秈雜育2號及6號在齊穗至成熟期穗部作物生長速率為全株生長速率之1.83及2.64倍,表現極為不利之光合成物質供需平衡關係,而臺秈雜育10號與臺中秈10號之比值較低,分別為1.25與1.31倍,但所有供試水稻材料穀粒充實對源於營養器官之再轉移性養份的依賴度過高,有礙於高產表現。綜合本試驗結果,發現齊穗期之葉面積、比葉重及葉片氮素含量(2.50 g/m²以上)雖然表現高產潛力,穀粒充實期間的乾物質生產卻未能反應此一優勢作用,尤以臺秈雜育2號與6號品系的表現最為明顯,為雜種水稻品系於中間作栽培時未能發揮高產潛能的主要原因之一,此外,由於齊穗前營養生成繁茂,可能有降低栽培密度的必要,將再予詳細探討。 |
英文摘要 | Hybrid rice strains Tainung Sen Hybrid (TNSH) 2, 6 and 10 and check variety Taichung Sen 10 (TCS 10) were transplanted in late May of 1989 to study characters related to photoassimilate production when cultured as a mid-season crop. Experimental results revealed active vegetable growth for all the rice materials tested as leaf area index was over 6 at heading. Area of flag and second leaves consisted of more than 45% of total leaf area for the 3 hybrid strains while the value for TCS 10 was only 34%, indicating different geometric distribution of leaves within the canopy. Crop growth rate (CGR) was highest during the period from maximum tillering to heading, ranging from 186 to 240kg/ha.day. CGR of this period was higher for TNSH 2 and 6 than for TNSH 10 and TCS 10. Therefore, the former 2 hybrids exhibited higher dry matter production at heading. On the contrary, CGR was higher for TNSH 10 and TCS 10 during grain-filling, and hence possessing a more uniform growth rate throughout the whole growth course. Dry matter production after heading accounted for only 10-30% of final dry weight of the rice plant. The low ability of photoassimilate production resulted in low panicle weight. Comparison among rice variety/strains indicated that CGR of panicle during grainfilling was, respectively, 1.83 and 2.64 times higher than CGR of whole plant during the same period, suggesting an imbalance relationship between production and demand of assimilates. Although corresponding values for TNSH 10 and TCS 10 were lower (1.25 and 1.31, respectively), it also implied the development of panicle after heading depended heavily on the redistributed assimilate from pre-heading storage. Experimental results showed that although the leaves of hybrid strains possessed high leaf area, specific leaf weight and N content (over 1.50 g/m²) at heading, they failed to produce efficiently enough assimilates to support the needs of panicle development. This phenomenon was particularly true for TNSH 2 and 6, and was attributed to as one of the major causes of low yielding performance. As vegetative growth of hybrid strains in the mid-crop was considered over-active, a lower planting density was also suggested. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。