頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 美國幼兒教育之現況與發展趨勢 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蔡秋桃; | 書刊名 | 初等教育學報 |
卷期 | 3 1990.09[民79.09] |
頁次 | 頁327-341 |
分類號 | 523.2952 |
關鍵詞 | 幼兒教育; 美國; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 美國幼兒教育目前正處於全盛時期。本文之目的,在於敘述美幼教發展之新趨勢及所面臨之挑戰,藉以使讀者了解美國幼兒教育之現況與發展。有先從幼教設施類型、師資訓練、上課時間、幼兒人數、幼教計畫、課程、及親職教育等七個層面,分析並說明美幼教之現況。 其次,本文探討美國幼教發展之一般趨勢,包括:(1)造成幼教普遍發達之四大趨勢一幼兒人口之成長、職業母親之激增、單親家庭之增加、及幼兒的貧窮;(2)幼稚園發展之五大趨勢-地方之參與、半日制、教師多具有大學文憑、五歲強迫入學、及教育重點在於入學準備和社會、情緒、語言發展;以及(3)學前幼兒教育發展之三大趨勢-州政府之參與、公立學前教育計畫廣受重視、及貧幼兒教育之推展。 本文於探討美國幼教發展之一般趨勢後,進而說明幼稚園發展所面臨之三大課題:(1)重點與目標所在,(2)前日制與全日制之爭論,以及(3)入學年齡之問題。 最後,本文以美國幼教發展之新挑戰作為結束,說明調幼兒個別差異之重要性、學前教育之銜托幼能、及幼教全民化之神聖使命。 |
英文摘要 | Currently, early childhood education in America is experiencing a tremendous development. The purpose of this paper is to describe the new trends as well as challenges in the development of early childhood education in America. It is hoped that an understanding of the condition and development of American early childhood education would be reached by the readers through this paper. The paper begins with a description of the present condition of American early childhood education, analyzing the following seven dimensions: types of service, teacher training, daily schedule, number of children, educational programs, curriculum, and parent education. The subsequent section explores some general trends observed in the development of American early childhood education, including: (a) four trends that have brought prosperity to early childhood education-growth in the young population, dramatic increase in the population of working mothers, increase in single-parent family, and property among the very young; (b) five trends in kindergarten development-involvement of the local government, half day programs, college diplma earned by the major it of kindergarten teachers, mandatory entrance at the age of five, and educational emphasis on academic preparation as well as social, emotional, and language development; and (c) three trends in prekindergarten development-involvement of state government, attention gained by public preschool programs, and expansion of education for economically disadvantaged children. After investigating the general trends in the development of American early childhood education, the paper proceeds with a delineation of three issues in kindergarten development, including: (a) focus and objectives, (b) argument between full day and half day programs, and (c) age of entrance. The paper concludes with a brief explanation of the new challenges encountered in developing American early childhood education, including emphasis on individual difference, continuity in early childhood education as a basis for later learning, and popularization of early childhood education as a sacred mission. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。