頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 鐵皮圓筒通風倉貯藏稻穀適用性之初步研究 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 彭錦樵; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷期 | 28:3 1982.09[民71.09] |
頁次 | 頁82-100 |
分類號 | 432.523 |
關鍵詞 | 貯藏; 稻穀; 鐵皮圓筒通風倉; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年來臺灣由於稻穀豐收,年產達250~270萬公噸糙米。農會之倉庫容量才99萬公噸,因此發生了嚴重的倉容不足問題。政府正積極地興建大型穀倉,以求解決。如果部分稻穀能貯藏於農家,則倉容不足之情形可望緩和許多。本文主要目的為研究鐵皮圓筒倉在臺灣氣候條件下貯藏稻穀之適用性,並依實驗結果,設計適合之穀倉以供農家使用。 首先於民國66年10月在臺大農工系安裝一應日本山本式鐵皮圓筒倉,進行倉貯試驗。倉內穀溫之測點分為上下層,內外圈,共25點。每隔2個月並抽樣分析稻穀品質之變化。 稻穀品質之鑑定是以穀溫、含水率、碾米率、脂肪酸度之變化為依據。實驗倉之穀溫隨大氣溫度而有明顯地變化,平均穀溫最高大於大氣溫度2℃。內外圈之穀溫變化比上下層明顯,內圈穀溫比外圈高,下層穀溫比上層高。含水率從13.38﹪升高至14.78﹪(66年10月15日至67年4月15日),上層之含水率比下層為高,內外圈之含水率幾乎一致。碾米率逐漸降低,但變化很小(從69.52﹪降至68.53﹪)。脂肪酸度隨貯藏時間之延長而升高(從36.12mg KOH/100g乾糙米升至47.09mg KOH/100g乾燥米)。影響脂肪酸度大小的主要因素是含水率及穀溫之變化。 由實驗之結果顯示圓筒鐵皮倉可在臺灣作倉貯之用,為了克服倉內穀溫之變化及含水率之升高,必須在倉壁上增加防熱的設施,而且要實施選擇性的通風。此外,針對臺灣農家之需要,設計出兩種大小不同的穀倉,以供農家作為倉貯之用途。其一為容量12公噸,適合大農家使用,其二為容量3公噸,適合中小農家之用。 |
英文摘要 | The total production of brown rice in Taiwan was 2.35 million tons in 1974 and steadily increased to 2.60 million tons in 1977. The maximum storage capacity of governmental warehouses is only about 990,000 metric tons, there is a serious shortage of storage facilities for rice. Although the Government are now building large warehouses throughout the country, but the situation can be relaxed only if the rice could be stored on farms. This research is an attempt to study the feasibility of storing rice with round metal bins in Taiwan, and if necessary, to modify the structure and design of the equipment to suit the local conditions. A "Yamamoto's Circulating Rice Depot" was installed at the Agricultural Engineering Department of National Taiwan University in October 1977. Taiwan No.5 "Bon-Lai" rice was used in the experiment. Grain temperatures at different depths (upper and lower layers) and different positions (inside and outside circles) were recorded and samples were taken at two months interval for examining the change in quality of the grains. During the storage period, the grain temperature changed with atmospheric conditions. The grain temperature was above the atmospheric temperature 2℃ in average. The temperature gradient between inside and outside circles was greater than that between upper and lower layers. The grain temperatures of inside circles and at lower layers were higher than the temperatures at outside circles and upper layers, respectively. The moisture content changed from 13.38﹪ to 14.78﹪ in the 6 months duration of storage. The mean moisture content of the upper layer was greater than that of the lower's, but the difference between inside and outside circles was negligible. The milling yield decreased slowly, from 69.52﹪ to 68.53﹪ as the storage prolonged. The fat acidity increased with the storage time from 36.12 to 47.09 mg KOH per 100g dried brown rice. It was found that the grain temperature and moisture content affect significantly the fat acidity of rice. Based on the result of the experiment, it is believed that the metal bin is suitable for use in storage of rough rice under the local climate conditions in Taiwan. For the purpose of safe storage, heat-proof materials or heat-resistance paint should be applied on the surface of the bin wall and selected aeration be done whenever the relative humidity is below 75﹪. In this study, two types of storage bins were designed, a 12 metric tons is for the use of larger farms and a 3 metric tons for small farms. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。