頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 雜交高粱品系冬季裡作及春作再生比較試驗 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 陳國明; 林薰生; | 書刊名 | 臺中區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷期 | 5 1981.06[民70.06] |
頁次 | 頁97-106 |
關鍵詞 | 品系; 春作; 高粱; 裡作; 雜交; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 高粱除了可當飼料外,又可釀酒,台灣每年進口將約50萬噸,而且有 不斷增加的趨勢,台灣自產高粱約10,000公噸左右,僅供釀酒尚不足。目前高 粱均為春季栽培,而春植高粱因生育初期氣溫低,發芽不良,農民常因而廢耕, 損失很大。裡作栽培高粱可以宿根再生春季栽培,避免春季播種因低溫而發芽不 良現象,又可節省勞力,提高財力,土地利用率,降低生產成本。 高粱冬季裡作栽培時,高粱生育期中對低溫特別敏感的孕穗期及開花期勿處 在1∼2月之間本省氣溫最低時期。因此抽穗期最好在11月初∼12月初之間, 因之即應於9月中旬∼10月上旬之間播種,惟播種期不必提得太早,太早播種 一來影響前作水稻,再者收穫太早宿根再生時氣溫低,使再生高粱生育日數延 長。本試驗裡作栽培高粱生育日數二林較長約150天左右,朴子只有130天,但 宿根再生栽培朴子生育日數反而長了將近10天,就是這個緣故裡作栽培因氣溫 低,高粱農藝特性均呈劣化,除了生育日數長外,植株較矮、穗長短、穗重、千 粒重、小區子實產量均低,兩地間性狀比較以二林較好,但稔實率較差,小區穗 數也較少。產量兩地間相差不多,組合間以穗重及小區穗數差異較大,其他性狀 差異不大。兩地平均產量以2R×White Westland組合每公頃3,939 kg最好,依次 為2R×54A每公頃3,552 kg,2R×62A為3,409 kg,對照種台中三號、台中五號 分別為3,470 kg/ha、3,322 kg/ha,產量間差異主要受到小區穗數多寡的影響。 春作宿根再生栽培最大特點為縮短生育日數,平均比春作播種栽培短10天 以上。其他農藝特性則和春季播種栽培無異,產量兩地比較以朴子較好。組合間 兩地平均產量以2R×62A最好,達每公頃6,360 kg,其次為2R×C-Kafir每公頃 6,118 kg,2R×54A每公頃6,005 kg。本試驗春作產量主要受到小區穗數影響,其 次為稔實率及穗重等,因此選拔裡作栽培品系時,最重要的是選擇宿根栽培再生 率高的耐低溫品系,較適合的有2R×54A、2R×62A、2R×C-Kafir及2R×Whkte Westand等。組合中四個品系裡作並加宿根再生栽培總產量每公頃達9噸以上, 而本栽培法為邊際栽培法(marginal cultural-method)的運用,可提高土地、器具、 人力的利用率,成本降低約50%以上,損益每公頃估計可增加19,232元以上。 而無形效益如避免春播發芽不良而廢耕,避免春季雨水不足無法播種,生育日數 縮短,可避開霉雨期,減少穗上發芽及曝晒的困難等。冬季裡作栽培時唯一注意 事項就是栽培面積要大而集中,以避免成熟期鳥害。 過去高粱再生均利用春作高粱收穫後於秋作栽培,但本試驗為利用秋作高粱 並於春作進行再生,依據試驗結果,此方法可以增加冬季裡作面積使有效利用土 地並減低春作乾旱之為害,而於中南部地區似可推行。惟此栽培是否比原來之於 秋作再生有利並較安定必須再進一步試驗究明以利將來擴大推廣。 |
英文摘要 | The characteristics of sorghum in winter crop were inferior, such as longer duration of growth, dwarfer plant height, shorter length of panicle and smaller panicle weight and grain yield. In two places, Er-Lin trial showed better characters than Po- Tzu but the percentage of full grain and panicle numbers of plot were poor. The grain yield was no much different among two places. In winter crop, the best combination of average grain yield of two places was 2R x White Westland (3939 kg/ha) followed by 2R x 54A (3552 kg/ha) and 2R x 62A (3490 kg/ha) higher than check varieties Taichung No. 3 and No. 5. The ratoon sorghum at spring crop can save 10 days of growth period than conventional culture and it's characters are almost the same with ordinary spring crop. The best combination of average yield in two places was 2R x 62A (6369 kg/ha) followed by 2R x C-Kafir (6118 kg/ha) and 2R x 54A (6005 kg/ha). The yield of ratoon spring sorghum were mainly influenced by number of plot panicle, Therefore, the best hybrid sorghum for winter and spring ratoon lines should be highest ratoon rate and tolerant to low temperature, that were 2R x 54A, 2R x 62A, 2R x C-Kafir and 2R x White Westland. Among the combination, the total yield more than 9 tons/ha (include winter and spring ratoon crop) were 4 combinations and this is the practiec of marginal cultural method. It can save 50% of production cost and N.T.$ 19,232/ha more profitable than conventional spring seedling method. This method will avoid the poor germination under low temperature and the shortage of rain fall for sowing seeds in spring. On the other hand, spring ratoon crop can decrease the growth duration and harvested before raining season in early summer but also avoid germination on panicle and easily dry grains after harvest. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。