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題名 | 殺草劑對豆類作物根瘤菌生長及根瘤發育影響之研究(4):殺草劑處理後根瘤再接種之效應 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 高德錚; 王啟柱; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 114 1981.06[民70.06] |
頁次 | 頁61-72 |
關鍵詞 | 生長; 作物; 豆類; 根瘤; 根瘤菌; 接種; 殺草劑; 發育; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本實驗以經由殺草劑處理後之根瘤菌再接種於豆類植株幼苗根部,探討其與植物之共生作用是否受干擾。其主要結果如下: 一、alachlor,2, 4-D,linuron 及prometryne並未抑制根瘤菌之感染程序;因經殺草劑處理的大豆、花生及菜豆植株,均與對照植株同時出現第一顆可見性根瘤。惟在開花前,經殺草劑處理的作物根瘤發育卻受抑制;此原因可由不同作物,根瘤菌與殺草劑之特性劃分成四類,(1)殺草劑抑制根瘤菌的活性。在接種去alachlor之根瘤菌後,雖然花生與菜豆植株均能正常生長;然而兩者根瘤之固氮能力僅分別為對照植株之80%與90%。(2)作物根部被殺草劑所傷害,致使大部分根瘤菌不能順利的進入根部。此現象以經2, 4-D處理之菜豆根部,在出現第一顆可見性根瘤部位以上根部(離地表12.4±0.4公分以上)至開花前仍無根瘤出現。(3)殺草劑同時傷害作物與根瘤菌。經離心去alachlor及2, 4-D之處理大豆植株,其各性狀之 仍不及對照植株,?屬此類。(4)由於殺草劑抑制作物之光合作用,連帶使根瘤菌固氮作用受損。linuron 及prometryne對豆類作物根瘤發育的影響,屬於此種次級反應。不接種根瘤菌而施每公頃20公心N(硫酸銨)的植株,除單位含氮量大於接種有效根瘤菌之植株外,其他農藝性狀、植株葉綠素含量及總含氮量均遜於接種有效根瘤菌之植株。 二、開花後,作物逐漸康復,而根瘤菌活性亦恢復。因此,在收穫期時經各殺草劑處理之作物,根瘤仍繼續發育中,而不似對照植株之老化崩解;如此殺草劑並非延遲根瘤的老化,而是因殺草劑抑制開花期的作物生長,連帶的延遲根瘤的分化。 三、萌前(pre-emergence)或種植前(pre-plant)噴施殺草劑,固然可得較好的雜草防除率,惟對幼苗期作物的生長,卻是一向面臨生死存亡的考驗。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study was to find out the nodulation efficiency of herbicide-treated Rhizobia with 500 ppm alachlor, 2,4-D, linuron and prometryne. The pure cultured Rhizobia were pre-treated, and inoculated to the healthy non-nodulated legume seedlings. The resultes are summarized as follows: (1) The herbicides alachlor, 2,4-D, linuron and prometryne did not interfere with the infection process of symbiosis between Rhizobia and the root of legume plant; the first visible nodule appeared at the same time at the primary root in both herbicide-treated and control plants. Nodule development of all herbicide-treated legume plants were heavily injured before the flowering stage. This could be attributed to either of the following observations according to the characters of different legumes and Rhizobium species and the modes of herbicides: (a) the activity of Rhizobia growth was inhibited; (b) root system of the legume plant was heavily damaged; (c) legume plants and Rhizobia themselves were severely injured as long as herbicides existed; (d) photosynthesis of the legume plant was hindered resulting to reduced activity of nitrogen fixation. (2) After flowering, the herbicide-treated legume plants and Rhizobia gradually recovered. The new-formed nodules were still developing at the harvest of the legume crop; this was quite different from the collapsed nodules on the non-treated plants. It is postulated that herbicides only caused the legume plants to delay the nodule-development, but not to postpone the nodule-senescence. (3) Most herbicides applied as pre-emergence or pre-plant have a considerably good effect on weed control, but they had to be evaluated under the selectivity not only between weeds and legume crops, but also weeds and the nitrogen fixation bacteria-Rhizobia. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。