頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 秧苗低溫處理對一期水稻生育及產量之影響 |
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作者 | 曾美倉; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 97 1977.03[民66.03] |
頁次 | 頁45-60 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 生育; 低溫處理; 秧苗; 產量; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 利用農業研究中心人工氣候室(phytotron)之設備,在20°~25℃區進行水稻育苗,播種後7,10,15及23天分別施以一星期長之5℃,10℃及12~15℃等3種低溫處理,當時之苗齡約2.0, 3.0, 3.5及4.0~4.3葉齡。觀察處理期間幼苗之生長及處理後秧苗存活和恢復情形,以研討幼苗對低溫之反應。之後各處理之秧苗於播種後35天分別移植人工氣候室30°~25℃晝夜變溫玻璃室及本田,探討各級秧苗對水稻生育及生產力之影響。藉以研究推斷臺灣1期水稻秧苗期低溫為害對插秧後之影響。試驗以CK1(15°~20℃)及CK2(20°~25℃)為對照區,另設CK3(15天後補播,20°~25℃)及CK4(22天後補播,20°~25℃)為參考區,其結果摘錄於下: (一)秧苗5℃低溫處理一星期,僅臺中65號尚有12~23%之存活。10℃低溫為害則依苗齡之大小而異,3葉齡期以前存活率在40%以下。但3.5葉齡以後可達70%以上。12°~15℃之低溫可得100%存活率。 (二)低溫處理期間秧苗之相對生長量依品種及溫度而異。就出葉速度(處理前後苗齡之差異)百分比而言,10℃時為15~27%(以20°~25℃區為100%),12°~15℃時為35~53%。以臺中65號最大,臺大育1009號次之,臺中在來1號最小,或可依序代表抗寒性之強弱。 (三)秧苗之健強度(播種後35天)受處理溫度之影響比處理時期為大,溫度愈低,其苗齡、苗高、根數及全株乾重量愈小。處理間各特性之差異,在處理期間就已決定。處理後生長上之差異較小。 (四)秧苗期10°~15℃低溫處理對水稻分?及株高生長影響甚小。但主稈葉數可以減少0~1葉。抽穗期延遲2~3天。 (五)稻谷產量經變方分析結果,無論人工氣候室或田間,處理間之差異都不顯著。顯示各秧苗期不同低溫處理過之秧苗於臺灣1期作之栽培條件下,和15°~20℃或20°~25℃兩對照區之秧苗有相同之生產力。 (六)晚播13~22天之秧苗如在20°~25℃條件下育苗23~25天後插秧,和一般秧苗有相同之生產力。其抽穗期僅延遲3~7天。此點可做為臺灣1期水稻秧苗受寒害時,決定是否重播之判斷參考。 |
英文摘要 | Rice seedling grown under 20°-25℃temperature conditions in phytotron, from 7, 10, 15, and 23 days were then respectively subjected to different low temperature treatment of 5℃, 10℃ and 12°-15℃ for 7-day periods. Detail growth analysis were recorded on rice seedlings during treatment period and plants after transplanting. The salient points of the experimental results were as follows: 1. When subjected to 5℃ extremely low temperature for one week, only 12-23% of treated seedlings of Taichung 65 variety survived. Under 10℃ condition, larger seedlings (3.5 leaf age of more) survived 70%, while younger seedling (3.0 leaf age or below) survived less than 40%. All seedlings survived under 12°-15℃ condition. 2. Relative growth rates of seedlings during treatment period were greatly affected by both treatment temperatures and variety. The leafing speed of treated seedlings as expressed by index against check (20°-25℃) plot (100) were: 10℃condition ... 15-27; 12°-15℃ condition ... 35-23. The order of growth rates among varieties was, from the highest to lowest: Taichung 65-NTU Yu 1009-Taichung native No. 1. 3. The lower the treatment temperatures, the smaller were the seedling age, seedling height, root numbers and fresh weight. The differences in these characteristics were determined during the treatment period. 4. Seedling from 10℃ and 12°-15℃ treatment plots did bot differ in tillering abilities and plant height from those of check plots but possesed 0-1 less leave of main culm and delayed maturation of 2-3 days. 5. Yielding abilities of seedling from different low temperature treatment plots were same to that of seedling from check plots. 6. It was concluded that damage of extreme low temperature in the early growth stage of rice plants in the first crop season of Taiwan primarily related to the seedling establishment and seedling growth in nursery. Once survived from the damage, the growth and yielding abilities of affected seedling still can catch up those of undamaged seedling in this particular season. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。