頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 殺草劑種類、濃度及施法對積留土壤殘毒之影響 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 王啟柱; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 100 1977.12[民66.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁103-116 |
| 關鍵詞 | 土壤; 施法; 殺草劑; 殘毒; 種類; 濃度; 積留; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 英文摘要 | The residual toxicity of herbicides in soil was investigated by using leaching columns with two indicator plants, soybean and jute in glasshouse. In the studies, we used the residul toxicity index (RTI) which was derived from the combine indices of germination rate, survival rate, plant height and herbicidal injury rate, to indicated the phytotoxicity and vertical movement of herbicides in soil to get more accurate results. However, excluding the factor of germination, the accuracy might be much better improved. The sensitiveness of the two indicator plants from the response to eleven hericides, jute was 5.1 times over soybean. In which soybean was particularly sensitive to atrazine, MCPA, trifluralin; and jute responded to most of the herbicdies, especially those of diuron, linuron, atrazine and molinate. The persistence of herbicides in soil three months after application, as indicated by RTI, Triazines were the most persistent, of which atrazine and simazine were 41.5% and 26.3-47.7% respectively; Substituted urea next, of which diuron and linuron were 36.6% and 37.9%; molinate of Thiocarbamate was 33.8%; trifluralin of Nitroaniline was 30.5%; PCP of Substituted phenol was 12.1%; TCA of Aliphatic was 9.8%; aminotriazole of Triazole was 6.5%; and 2,4-D and MCPA of Phenoxy were -2.1% and 16.4%, respectively. According to the averages of RTI investigated by both of the indicator plants, those of the vertical movement and distribution of herbicides in soil, from the superficial soil (0 cm) to bottom soil (100 cm) were 19.1→19.4→14.8→16.7→12.5→13.7→9.7→-1.2%. The last one, its minimum content of the residue might have some stimulation effect on the growth of either soybean or jute, or both. The concentration of herbicides had closely related with the phytotoxicity and persistence of herbicies in soil. Three months after application, the RTI of 2,4-D showed some what irregularly due to degradation of the herbicide, when the concentrations increased from 2,000 to 10,000 ppm. While the persistent herbicide, simazine, the RTI increased almost directly proportional to the increment of the concentration., The RTI of the concentration from 2,000-10,000 ppm indicated by soybean were -35→1.6→13.0→14.0→39.1%; and those by jute were 23.4→24.8→40.4→38.5→56.2%, respectively. The time of postemergence application was one month later than that of preemergence application. It might be the reason that the residual toxicity of the former one was slightly greater than the latter. However, the canopy interception effect of the seedlings of the previous crop from the postemergence spray seemed indifferent. Although the time of preemergence application was just the same as bare-soil or non-plant application, the residual toxicity of the latter was greater than the former one, probably due to increase of organic matter from the roots left by the previous crop after harvest. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。