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題 名 | 高水溫對於臺灣二期水稻生理生態之影響 |
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作 者 | 林秀雄; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 95 1976.09[民65.09] |
頁 次 | 頁24-35 |
關鍵詞 | 二期水稻; 生理; 生態; 高水溫; 臺灣; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗在探討高水溫處理與臺灣二期水稻各重要生育時期之間的關係。試驗中採用二個水稻品種(嘉農242、臺南3號)及二個不同的水溫(高水溫,自然水溫)。所有的水稻植株均利用木村氏B液行水耕栽培。高水溫是利用恒溫水槽控制在38℃恆溫,而自然水溫則用自來水不斷流水來控制溫度在26℃與32℃之間。每一水稻品種生長到下列各生育時期則移入高水溫區處理15天。 第一期:發根期~分?開始期。 第二期:分?開始期~分?盛期。 第三期:穗頸分化期~穎花始原體分化後期。 第四期:穎花始原體分化後期~花粉成熟期。 第五期:花粉成熟期~成熟前期。 茲將試驗結果摘要如下: (一)水稻之葉、分?、節間、根等4個器官為構成水稻體連鎖構造的一個單位,因此水稻在某一時期如外界環境不良時,則此時同伸的各葉及分?、節間、根等均將同樣的受到傷害。 (二)高水溫對水稻發育之影響非常的明顯。在高水溫下,水稻植株變矮,葉片短小,根長之伸長受阻,根數增多,根較易老化並減低對氮、磷、鉀的吸收,出葉速度加快,因此葉數及綠葉數也隨著增多。高水溫處理在早期則對低節位之分?為害最大。 (三)高水溫處理使總穗重降低,但稈基重則在有些時期還反而增多,此因分?遲發及後期發生無效分?之不良現象所致。 (四)高水溫處理之危險期,除了發根期到分?開始期以外則為幼穗形成期。在發根期~分?開始期高水溫處理的結果使每穗總粒數、千粒重、充實百分率都顯著的下降,產量也最低,其原因可能是在此時期生長點均在基部,而直接受到高水溫之侵害。幼穗形成期高水溫處理,雖然其千粒重,充實百分率,每穗總粒數也嚴重的降低,但是其每株總穗數較多,因此其產量比發根期~分?開始期高水溫處理的高。 |
英文摘要 | The experiment was to study the relationship between high water temperature and each important growth stage of the second paddy rice in Taiwan. Two rice varieties (Chianung 242, Tainan 3) were chosen for the experiment with two levels of water temperature (high water temperature, natural water temperature). All plants were grown in the water culture solution beased on Kimura's solution B formulla. The high water temperature was kept constant at 38℃ by water baths and the natural water temperature was kept at 26-32℃ by running tap water. Each variety was treated for 15 days with high water temperature in the following each growth stage. Stage I: From the rooting stage to the tillering stage. Stage II: From the tillering stage to the most active tillering stage. Stage III: From the necknode differentiation stage to the last-stage of spikelet differention. Stage IV: From the last-stage of spikellet differentiation to the pollen grain ripening stage. Stage V: From the pollen grain ripening stage to the early ripening stage. The following conclusions were drawn from the study. (1) A complete unit of rice plant are composed of the leaf, tiller, internode, and root. If the environmental condition was bad, then the growth of leaf, tiller, internode, and root which grown simultaneously were hurt equally. (2) The effect of high water temperature on the rice development was very obviously. The plant became dwarf with short and small leaf, interrupting the root elongation, increasing root number, making it weak easier and decreasing the absorbing capacity of the three essential elements (N. P. K.). The growth rate of the leaves was more rapid and leaf numder, total number of green leaf increasing correspondingly. (3) Under high water temperature treatment, the total panicle weight decrease in all stage, but the shoot base weight increase in some stage. It is due to the tillering late and uneffective tillers occurring at late stage. (4) The dengerous stage of high water temperature treatment was young panicle formation stage except the rooting stage to tillering stage. The high water temperature treatment at the rooting stage to tillering stage caused the total number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, fertility, decreasing significantly. The yield was the worst. The possible reason was the growing point at the base in this stage was damaged by the high water temperature directly. During the young panicle formation stage, the high water temperature although caused the thousand grain weight, fertility, total number of grains per panicle decreasing severely, the total number of panicles per plant increasing. It is, therefore, the yield at the young panicle formation stage was more than from the rooting stage to the tillering stage under high water temperature treatment. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。