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題名 | 利用Chamber法測定大豆蒸發散量之研究 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蘇匡基; 楊建南; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 78 1972.06[民61.06] |
頁次 | 頁42-49 |
關鍵詞 | 大豆; 蒸發散量; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 根據加藤(1967)設計,利用溫度及水蒸氣張力原理,在一定容積的透明Acryl chamber ?栽植大豆,並使一定流量的空氣流通,在空氣入口及出口處各設Thermister 乾溼球溫度計測定其溫度及水蒸氣張力,換算為絕對溼度,以出入口之差異計算蒸發散量。基於上述原理於新竹區農業改良場粘土田區栽植春作大豆台大高雄五號,測定其蒸發散量與蒸散量,並與慣行的土壤水分變動法及浮游式滲漏計法比較其優劣。 利用Chamber法測定結果;春作大豆臺大高雄五號的總蒸發散量為563.23公厘,日平均蒸發散量為4.333公厘,最大日蒸發散量於5月下旬出現其值為8.722公厘。蒸發散量的變異由生育初期較低約0.4~0.5公厘,營養生長期至開花期增至2.0~6.3公厘,隨葉面積的增加,在結實期間最多約8.0公厘左右,至成熟期又降為4.3公厘。日蒸發散量晚間極少,在生育最盛期每小時僅在0.1公厘以下,隨日出其蒸發散量顯著的增加,最高每小時可達0.8公厘。 用流動石蠟覆蓋Chamber內之土面,防止地面蒸發所獲得之蒸散量,在葉被形成後約占蒸發散量之90%。 同一地點,同一時期利用土壤水分變動法及浮游式滲漏計法測定的總蒸發散量,各為346.79公厘及363.66公厘,較Chamber法測定值低的理由可能有(1)Chamber法係在田間容水量條件下測定,其他均在保持土壤水分70%時測定,(2)土壤水分變動法受地下水補給的影響,未必能代表真正的水分消耗量,(3)浮游式滲漏計在不能維持土層自然狀態及作物?落狀態下測定。 Chamber法雖然可用田間土層自然狀態及栽培作物?落狀態下,準確而簡易的測定蒸發散量或蒸散量,但Chamber內微氣象(日照、氣溫、氣流等)與自然條件不盡相同及蒸發量對總蒸發量計算上之影響等缺點,似需進一步之研究。 |
英文摘要 | Studies on the measurement of evapotranspiration of soybean by the chamber method developed by Kato (1967) were conducted in Hsinchu DAIS in spring 1971. The total amount of ET, an average daily consumptive use during growing period from Feb. to June were 563.23 mm and 4.333mm, respectively. It was relatively low (0.4-0.5 mm/day to 2-6 mm/day) from planting to blooming, greatest (about 8 mm/day) for the two months following the start of blooming, and decreased again at maturing (about 4 mm/day). While the rate of transpiration to ET was about 90% after the formation of canopy. At the same time, comparative measurement by soil moisture depletion method and floating lysimeter method were conducted. The amounts measured by soil moisture depletion method and floating lysimeter method were 346.79 mm and 363.66 mm, respectively. The low amount measured by these two methods may be caused by the following reasons: (1) The ET was measured under field capacity on chamber method. The others were measured under more dry soil moisture condition. (2) Supply of moisture from underground water was difficult to separate on calculating real consumptive use of plant on soil moisture depletion method. (3) Soil structure in floating lysimeter was quite different from natural condition and consumptive use was not able to measure under population. The chamber method can measure the ET accurately and simply under natural soil structure and plant population. But, as the environmental condition (temperature, solar radiation, ventilation etc.) inside the chamber during measurement was different from the open field condition, or total amount of ET was estimated by discontinuous measurement, the improvement of the apparatus or method should be solved in future program. |
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