查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 臺灣農業工作價值多少?以農業人力團為例=The Value of Agricultural Labor in Taiwan: Evidence from the Agricultural Labor Corps |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 許聖章; 莊佳芸; | 書刊名 | 農業經濟叢刊 |
| 卷 期 | 31:2 2025.12[民114.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁73-114 |
| 分類號 | 431.24 |
| 關鍵詞 | 農業缺工; 農業人力團; 存活分析; 農業工作價值; Agricultural labor shortages; Agricultural labor corps; Survival analysis; Value of agricultural work; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.6196/TAER.202512_31(2).0003 |
| 中文摘要 | 當前臺灣正面臨農村人口持續老化,使農業勞動供給大幅減少。由 於部分農產業機械化與自動化不易,生產過程仍需要大量人力投入,因 此常出現季節性大量勞動力需求,造成農業勞動力短缺的問題。面對農 業勞動力短缺,如何吸引本國人從事農業工作,為維持農業永續經營的 重大課題。農業部因此在 2017 年推動成立農業人力團,以獎勵機制吸引 青年人口進入農業部門工作,並且透過人力調度平台的派工方式,以減 緩農業勞動力季節性短缺的問題。 本文藉由農業人力團平台運作的資料,利用農業人力團不同團別類 型收入的差異,以存活模型估計工作報酬對離開農業工作風險的影響, 並利用估計結果計算不同年齡及工作報酬組合下,農業人力團參與者留 任機率,評估若欲維持與其他行業相近的留任機率,農業工作需要提供 多少工作報酬,才能避免農業工作者的快速流失,而該工作報酬則可做 為從事農業工作的價值估計。實證結果顯示,對農業人力團參與者而 言,年齡越高,離團風險越低;教育程度對離團風險並無顯著影響;新 住民有較低的離團風險,團員若有從農經驗則可降低離團風險,但是否 有農地並未顯著影響離團風險;在工作報酬部分,工作報酬越高,則離 團風險越低,顯示勞動條件的改善的確是吸引本國勞工進入農業部門工 作並留住人才的重要誘因。 以 Weibull 存活模型的估計係數設算,我們估算在不同年齡及工作報酬 條件組合下的存活機率。在給定年齡及薪資下,留團機率隨著留團時間增 加而下降;而在給定薪資及留團時間下,隨著年齡降低,留團機率將隨之 下降。若欲使農業人力團離團率,在給定的留團時間下,維持相同的留團 機率,則對年齡越輕者,將需要提供越高的經濟誘因。表示若欲使從農者 留任機率維持在預期的水準,農場主必須提供足夠的工作報酬,而且越年 輕者,所需要提供的工作報酬越高。另外,本研究的估計結果顯示為使年 輕世代進入農業部門工作的報酬,遠高於現行農業部門所能提供的薪資報 酬,代表台灣現行農務工作薪資遠低於年輕世代所能接受的水準。 |
| 英文摘要 | Taiwan is currently facing a continuous aging of its rural population, leading to a significant reduction in the supply of agricultural labor. Because mechanization and automation are difficult to implement in certain agricultural sub-sectors, production processes still require substantial labor inputs, resulting in frequent seasonal labor shortages. Attracting domestic workers to enter the agricultural sector has become a critical issue for the sustainable management of agriculture. Consequently, the Ministry of Agriculture established “Agricultural Labor Corps” in 2017, using incentive mechanisms to attract the youth population into the agricultural sector and utilizing a labor dispatch platform to mitigate seasonal labor shortages. This study utilizes operational data from the Agricultural Labor Corps platform and leverages income variations across different types of corps to estimate the impact of labor remuneration on the hazard of exiting agricultural work using a survival model. Based on the estimation results, we calculate the retention probabilities of participants under different combinations of age and remuneration to evaluate the level of compensation required to maintain retention rates comparable to other industries. This compensation level is used as an estimate for the value of engaging in agricultural work. Empirical results indicate that for participants of the Agricultural Labor Corps, higher age is associated with a lower hazard of exiting. Educational attainment has no significant impact on the exit hazard. New immigrants exhibit a lower exit hazard, and members with prior farming experience also show a reduced hazard of exiting; however, land ownership does not significantly influence the exit hazard. Regarding labor remuneration, higher compensation leads to a lower exit hazard, demonstrating that the improvement of labor conditions is indeed a significant incentive for attracting domestic labor and retaining talent in the agricultural sector. Based on the estimated coefficients of a Weibull survival model, we calculate survival probabilities under various age and remuneration scenarios. Given a specific age and wage, the probability of remaining in the corps decreases as tenure increases; given a specific wage and tenure, the retention probability decreases as age declines. To maintain a constant retention rate at a given tenure, higher economic incentives must be provided to younger individuals. This indicates that to maintain retention probabilities at an expected level, farm owners must provide sufficient remuneration, and the required compensation is higher for younger workers. Furthermore, the remuneration estimated in this study required to attract the younger generation into the agricultural sector is far higher than the current wages provided by the sector, indicating that existing agricultural wages in Taiwan are well below the levels acceptable to the younger generation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。