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| 題 名 | 秦漢奏讞文書中司法刑獄類動詞考辨札記=A Study on Verbs Related to Judicial and Criminal Matters in Qin and Han Zouyan Documents |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 于夢姝; | 書刊名 | 中國文學研究 |
| 卷 期 | 59 2025.02[民114.02] |
| 頁 次 | 頁89-123 |
| 分類號 | 796.8 |
| 關鍵詞 | 奏讞書; 為獄等狀四種; 讞; 言; 譖訊; Zouyan Shu; Wei Yu Deng Zhuang Si Zhong; Yan; Zen xun; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29419/SICL.202502_(59).0003 |
| 中文摘要 | 張家山漢簡《奏讞書》與嶽麓秦簡《為獄等狀四種》是司法行政文 書的彙 編,常見與司法刑獄相關的動詞,多屬言部。本文重點考辨其中「讞」、「言」、 「譖」三個動詞,出土材料對傳世文獻的用法有所補充,我們認為:(1)「言」、 「讞」是一組同源詞,「讞」在戰國由表示「上報」的「言」分化產生,秦 漢時 期成為奏讞制度的專用動詞,又引申為「平議案件」。(2)「言」本身沒有演 變為 專用於司法的動詞或名詞,釋「言」為「獄、訟」的故訓並無出土或傳世文 獻的 證據支持。(3)奏讞文書中的常見辭例「譖訊」義為「進一步訊問」,其中「 譖」 應釋讀為「潛」;傳世文獻中言部的「譖」與「簪」同源,本義是「讒毀 」,沒有 「控告、上訴」的義項。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips Zouyan Shu and the Yuelu Qin bamboo slips Wei Yu Deng Zhuang Si Zhong are compilations of judicial administrative documents, featuring frequently used verbs related to judicial and criminal matters, many of which belong to the “yan” (言) radical. This paper focuses on examining three verbs: “yan” (讞), “yan” (言), and “zen” (譖). The unearthed materials provide additional insights into the usage found in transmitted texts. We propose the following conclusions: (1) “Yan” (言) and “yan” (讞) are a pair of cognates. The verb “yan” (讞) split off from “yan” (言), meaning “to report,” during the Warring States period, and by the Qin and Han dynasties, it became a specialized verb for the zouyan system (the judicial reporting system), its meaning later being extended to include “deliberating a case.” (2) “Yan” (言) itself did not evolve into a verb or noun used exclusively for judicial purposes, and there is no evidence in either unearthed or transmitted texts to support the traditional interpretation of “yan” as meaning “lawsuit” or “litigation.” (3) The common phrase “zen xun” (譖訊) in judicial documents means “further interrogation”, where “zen” (譖) should be read as “qian” (潛), meaning “to delve”. The verb “zen” (譖) in transmitted texts, which shares its origin with “zan” (簪), originally means “to slander” and does not carry the meaning of “to accuse” or “to appeal.” |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。