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| 題 名 | 從周與尊周--論孔子繼周的兩種文本語境=Following Zhou and Revering Zhou: Two Textual Contexts of Confucius' Succession to Zhou |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蔡松廷; | 書刊名 | 中國文學研究 |
| 卷 期 | 59 2025.02[民114.02] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-54 |
| 分類號 | 094.1 |
| 關鍵詞 | 從周; 尊周; 文本語境; 春秋學; Following Zhou; Revering Zhou; Textual context; Chunqiu studies; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29419/SICL.202502_(59).0001 |
| 中文摘要 | 在後世歸納孔子與周的關係時,大抵不能忽略「從周」與「尊周」兩 個關 鍵詞,那麼「從」與「尊」又分別帶出什麼意義?故筆者將對兩詞語義與其 文本 語境做一梳理。 首先,從周之「周」可有兩種解釋:狹義為周代所創制之禮文,另者 則指 周禮自因革前代制度而來,故廣義的周禮亦是歷朝禮文的集合體,更 顯集 成之 功。而因革同時點出「從」的核心價值,即孔子示範損益禮制的標準,所以「從」 字彰顯的是選擇的意圖。再次,若考察三傳對尊周的解釋,「周」字無庸置 疑與 周室有關;但若關注《左傳》記載,則又可見「周」指涉周禮,含有周禮為 周室 之本的意義。無論如何,若要凝聚當前的政治向心力,「尊」周禮∕周室便 成為 唯一的救政之途。 因此統整來看,從周與尊周的交會點,都在於對周禮的重視。不過, 何以 一者言從、另者書尊?就文本語境來說,「從周」的文字材料多在《論語》、《禮 記》,以親身示範禮則為表現形式,其目的是孔子向弟子與時人說明如何損 益禮 制,讓承繼者能在將來使周禮保有因革的能動性。「尊周」則為《春秋》貶 斥亂 臣賊子所標舉的政治∕道德話語,藉由建立筆削的語言範式,彰顯絕 對的 審判 價值。可知從周與尊周是在不同的語境中產生,且可說從周亦是尊周的 基礎,使 得以周禮為本的周室能夠繼續延綿。 |
| 英文摘要 | When later generations attempted to summarize the relationship between Confucius and the Zhou dynasty, they could not overlook the two important concepts of “following Zhou” (從周) and “revering Zhou” (尊周). This article contemplates the different meanings implied by “following” and “revering” with the aim of analyzing these two terms’ significance and textual contexts. First, the word “Zhou” in “following Zhou” can be understood in two ways. In a narrow sense, it refers to the ritual system established during the Zhou dynasty. In a broader sense, it acknowledges that Zhou rituals evolved by adapting and refining the institutions of previous dynasties. Thus, Zhou ritual practices can be seen as a compilation of past ceremonial traditions, further highlighting their integrative role. At the same time, this idea of adaptation reveals the core value of “following”—namely, that Confucius demonstrated a standard for adjusting and refining rituals. Therefore, “following” suggests a deliberate engagement with tradition, where certain aspects are adopted while others are modified. On the other hand, when examining interpretations of revering Zhou in the “Three Commentaries on the Chunqiu” (三傳), the word Zhou is undoubtedly associated with the Zhou royal house. However, in Zuo Zhuan (左傳), Zhou also refers to Zhou rituals, suggesting that these rituals were the foundation of Zhou rule itself. In either case, if the goal was to consolidate political unity, then revering the Zhou royal house and its rituals was seen as the only viable path to restoring order. In summary, both following Zhou and revering Zhou emphasize the importance of Zhou rituals. But why is one approach described as following and the other as revering? From a textual perspective, discussions of following Zhou appear primarily in Lunyu (論語) and Liji (禮記), where Confucius personally demonstrated ritual principles. His goal was to show his disciples and contemporaries how to preserve and adapt the ritual system so that it could remain relevant over time. In contrast, revering Zhou is a political and moral concept emphasized in Chunqiu (春秋), which condemns treacherous ministers and rebels. Through its distinct editorial framework, Chunqiu establishes an authoritative standard of judgment, positioning Zhou as something to be respected and upheld. Thus, following Zhou and revering Zhou emerged in different textual contexts. However, following Zhou can be seen as the foundation of revering Zhou, as the continued legitimacy of the Zhou royal house depended on the adaptation and preservation of its rituals. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。