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| 題 名 | 新世界裡的流浪教師：晚清小說《學究新談》中的教育價值異變=Wandering Teachers in a New World: Displacement of Educational Values in the Late Qing Novel "A New Tale of the Pedants" |
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| 作 者 | 林怡君; | 書刊名 | 興大中文學報 |
| 卷 期 | 54 2025.12[民114.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁109-132 |
| 分類號 | 827.2 |
| 關鍵詞 | 晚清小說; 學究新談; 教育改革; 經濟場域; 世變; Late Qing fiction; A New Tale of the Pedants; Educational reform; Economic sphere; Societal transformation; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 自十九世紀末起，中國逐漸進入一個劇變的年代。社會思潮以洋務改革為主流，教育界也傾向「以西方之學術，灌輸於中國」。但除了主動疾呼改革的菁英論述外，社會上仍有許多普羅大眾乃至於金層知識分子面對劇變顯得不適、甚至難以認同。本研究即以晚清小說《學究新談》為例、以教育為切入點，觀察在此改革風潮下，傳統士子如何在新舊價值碰撞之際尋求安身立命之道。小說描繪的「新世界」不僅象徵一場教育制度的更替，更揭示傳統塾師在科舉廢除後的失落與漂泊。進舉之道已斷，原本可作為退路的塾師職業也不再穩定，士子被迫接受新學、流浪謀館。經濟壓力與主流的「經世致用」思想交織，不僅無法實現維新人士「脫離功利」的理想，反而讓經濟場域與教育場域重疊，加劇教育的買賣性質。另一方面，教育場域亦轉化為世代衝突的戰場，師生對立被放大為新舊價值觀的對抗，教師在教改洪流中被迫壓抑自我理念、迎合風潮、配合演出一場場「鬧」劇。相較於晚清維新與啟蒙論述憂心「變得太慢」將使中國陷入亡國危機，《學究新談》反而展現出對「變得太快」的焦慮。小說以浮世繪式筆法旁觀教育界的動盪與扭曲，呈現改革進程中被遮蔽的現實雜音，提供理解晚清教育價值異變的另一種視角。 |
| 英文摘要 | Since the late nineteenth century, China entered a period of rapid and radical transformation. With the Self-Strengthening Movement as the mainstream ideological current, the educational sector also turned toward "infusing Chinese learning with Western scholarship." While elite reformist discourse often dominated the narrative, many members of the general public-as well as some within the intellectual class-struggled to adapt to or accept the pace of change. This study examines the late Qing novel "A New Tale of the Pedants" ("Xuejiu xintan") through the lens of education, analyzing how traditional scholars sought ways to survive amidst the clash of old and new value systems. The novel's depiction of the "new world" not only symbolizes a shift in educational institutions but also reveals the disorientation and marginalization experienced by traditional private tutors following the abolition of the imperial examination system. With no clear path to officialdom and the collapse of tutoring as a fallback profession, scholars are forced to wander between temporary teaching posts in the new educational order. Under mounting economic pressure and the widespread ideology of practical utility (jingshi zhiyong), the reformist ideal of "transcending utilitarianism" becomes increasingly unfeasible. Instead, the overlapping of the economic and educational spheres intensifies the commodification of education. At the same time, the classroom becomes a site of generational conflict, where teacher-student tensions reflect broader ideological rifts. Teachers are compelled to suppress their pedagogical convictions, conform to the reformist zeitgeist, and participate in staged performances of chaotic, often absurd, "educational spectacles." While most late Qing reformist and enlightenment discourses express anxiety about the dangers of "delayed" change leading to national collapse, "A New Tale of the Pedants" articulates a contrasting concern: the alienating effects of "accelerated" transformation. Through a satirical, ukiyo-e-like narrative style, the novel captures the turbulence and distortions within the educational sphere, surfacing the dissonant, often overlooked realities of reform. It thus offers an alternative perspective on the displacement of educational values during the late Qing era. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。