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| 題 名 | 為皇帝記錄的皇族家史--試論《元朝秘史》的作者、譯者和讀者問題=An Imperial Family History Compiled for the Emperors: On the Author, Translator, and Reader of The Imperial History of the Yuan Dynasty 元朝秘史 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 張瀚墨; | 書刊名 | 饒宗頤國學院院刊 |
| 卷 期 | 11 2024.09[民113.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁205-286 |
| 分類號 | 675.1 |
| 關鍵詞 | 元朝秘史; 蒙古秘史; 作者; 譯者; 讀者; Imperial History of the Yuan Dynasty; Mongolian Imperial History; Author; Translator; Reader; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 過去研究《元朝秘史》這一包含了正文、旁譯和總譯的特殊文本,都把《明實錄》洪武十五年元月丙戌日下的一條記錄和現存《元朝秘史》最末一節的內容看作是揭示該文本秘密最重要的材料,認為它們提供了考察該文本的創作年代、背景、以及產生原因和目的等方面的信息。本文再度考察這兩條材料,發現以往對《明實錄》洪武年材料的句讀和解釋均有不妥之處,而《元朝秘史》的最後一節文字也不應被看成是整書的「跋文」,因而先前根據這兩條材料對《元朝秘史》整個文本的年代、創作及用途等方面的解釋也應給予重新思考。據此,本文從《元朝秘史》的內容和文本特點出發,進一步分析了該文本可能產生的口頭流傳和表演語境,認為這一文本的形成離不開整理材料的必闍赤們和提供材料的草原說唱表演藝術家們的共同努力。《元朝秘史》作為文本是在蒙元帝國必闍赤們的手中成書的,但該文本所包含的內容,卻是一代又一代草原說唱藝術家們及他們的聽眾長期努力的結果。不僅如此,《元朝秘史》的讀者是蒙古帝國的皇族成員,文本所包含的中文音寫、旁譯以及總譯的內容,則應離不開漢人的參與,也就是說,《元朝秘史》有可能從一開始就由一個包含了漢人、蒙古人和畏兀爾必闍赤們共同組成的團隊合力完成的文本,而未必是從一個先由回鶻文寫成的文本翻譯而來,其目的是記錄和保存蒙古皇帝的英勇事跡及其家族的光榮歷史。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Imperial History of the Yuan Dynasty (Yuanchao mishi 元朝秘史) consists of 282 passages of transliteration of stories orally transmitted in premodern Mongolian with side translation of each word into Chinese as well as a summary of the contents in Chinese following every passage. Previous scholarship has regarded a record in The Factual Records of the Ming Dynasty (Ming shilu 明實錄) and the last passage of The Imperial History of the Yuan Dynasty as the two most important sources for research into the time, historical background, and the reason and purpose for the compilation of this text. However, a reexamination of these two pieces reveals that they have been misread and misinterpreted in previous scholarship and cannot offer tangible information regarding this text’s compilation as previously thought. Based on the form, contents, and textual features of the stories included, this study analyzes the tradition of oral performance in which The Imperial History of the Yuan Dynasty was produced and transmitted. The article considers the text to be the result of a joint effort of both performers of Mongolian epics and of the Yuan imperial historians who were responsible for recording the stories of the founding fathers of the Yuan Dynasty using premodern Uigur, Chinese, or later the newly invented Phags-pa scripts. This study further argues that The Imperial History of the Yuan Dynasty was compiled exclusively for the eyes of the Yuan rulers and members of their extended family wishing to preserve the history of their ancestors, and that it was most possibly written down in Chinese from the very beginning instead of being transliterated with Chinese characters from another writing systems, be that either Uigur or Phags-pa. As such, the text represents a joint effort by Mongolians, Chinese, and Uigurs who worked together to record and preserve the glorious history of Yuan imperial family. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。