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| 題 名 | 從歐亞國家法規與判決論政黨強制解散之合理界限=On the Reasonable Limits of Compulsory Dissolution of Political Parties: An Overview of Legal Frameworks and Court Judgments in Eurasian Countries |
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| 作 者 | 陳朝政; | 書刊名 | 臺灣民主季刊 |
| 卷 期 | 22:1 2025.03[民114.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁39-79 |
| 分類號 | 576 |
| 關鍵詞 | 政黨; 政黨解散; 防衛性民主; 程序性模式; 司法政治; Political parties; Party dissolution; Defensive democracy; Procedural model; Judicial politics; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 不少國家基於防衛性民主的理念,建立強制解散政黨制度。惟此制度涉及 政黨競爭與司法審查的公平性、國家的價值取向與政黨自主性,而具有高度爭 議性及複雜性,遂成為政黨政治之重大課題。 本文探討四項研究問題:第一,國家強制解散政黨制度設立之歷史背景與 立法目的?第二,為防濫用所建準則對歐亞國家制度發展之影響?第三,歐亞 國家相關法規與司法判決,是否呈現某種發展趨勢與共通特徵?第四,綜合前 述分析,進一步探討此類規範對我國現行制度可能提供之借鏡與改革建議,期 能作為學術討論與實務調整之參考。 本文以文獻分析法,分析 92 個歐亞國家強制解散政黨之相關規範及判決, 據以探究國家強制解散政黨之合理界限。研究發現,歐亞國家法規上多以「暴 力使用」與「違憲行為」作為構成要件,判決上則以「是否合乎急迫的社會需 求」為審查基準,如政黨使用暴力或其行為構成對特定群體的威脅而危害人權。 建議我國未來制度設計參照此等構成要件與審查標準,以兼顧民主防衛與政黨 自由。 |
| 英文摘要 | Many countries have established systems for the compulsory dissolution of political parties based on the concept of defensive democracy. However, such systems involve complex and highly controversial issues concerning fairness in party competition and judicial review, the autonomy of political parties, and the state’s value orientation. Consequently, they have become a significant issue in the study of party politics. This article addresses four key research questions: (1) What are the historical background and legislative purposes behind the establishment of compulsory party dissolution systems? (2) How have guidelines to prevent misuse influenced the development of such systems in Eurasian countries? (3) Do the relevant laws and judicial decisions in Eurasian countries reveal certain trends or common features? (4) Based on the preceding analysis, what insights or recommendations for reform can be drawn for Taiwan’s current system, and how might these contribute to both academic discourse and practical improvements? This study employs document analysis to examine the regulations and judicial decisions on the compulsory dissolution of political parties in 92 Eurasian countries, aiming to explore the reasonable limits of compulsory party dissolution by the state. The findings indicate that, in legal frameworks, most Eurasian countries define “use of violence” and “unconstitutional behavior” as the primary criteria for dissolution. In judicial decisions, the standard of a “pressing social need” is commonly applied, particularly in cases where a political party engages in violent actions or poses a threat to specific groups, thereby endangering human rights. This paper suggests that Taiwan’s future institutional design take these criteria and judicial standards into account, ensuring a balance between the defense of democracy and the protection of political party autonomy. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。