頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 從「虛靈」到「靈昭」--王陽明「明德」描述語轉進之現象暨其思想意義=From "Void and Vivid" to "Vivid and Manifesting" Phenomenon and Philosophical Implications of Wang Yangming's Transformation in Describing "Luminous Virtue" |
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| 作 者 | 陳貴弘; | 書刊名 | 中國文學研究 |
| 卷 期 | 57 2024.02[民113.02] |
| 頁 次 | 頁191-245 |
| 分類號 | 126.4 |
| 關鍵詞 | 王陽明; 朱熹; 大學; 明德; 虛靈; 靈昭; Wang Yangming; Zhu Xi; The Great Learning; Luminous virtue; Void and vivid; Vivid and manifesting; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29419/SICL.202402_(57).0005 |
| 中文摘要 | 王陽明以「靈昭」描述《大學》「明德」,相對於朱熹以「虛靈」描述,此中一字之別,學界多未重視揀別:本文闡述陽明此用語之取擇,實有別於朱熹描述的自覺,對於朱學王學異同、理氣心性關係、宋明理學工夫、王門後學分派等議題的析辨,皆有其思想與實踐層面的重要意義。 第一節點出《大學》在朱學與王學中的關鍵地位,以及王學由朱學轉出的思想脈絡。第二節討論朱熹以「虛靈」論「明德」,此語有佛家用語之淵源,「虛」乃靜態地就心無形寂然之相而說其內具眾理之用,「靈」乃動態地就心感通有無之用而說其呈理於氣之相,以「虛靈」摹狀之「心」與「理」的關係,有可能被詮釋為認知性地管攝存具。 第三節討論陽明以「靈昭」論「明德」的自覺揀擇,此二字用以貫通表彰本具良知、天命之性、心之本體的情狀;另一方面,陽明極少數以「虛靈」論心之文,實側重於主題之安立設置,抑或討論之沿襲方便,皆非其論點著重所在。第四節討論陽明揀擇「靈昭」以論「明德」的思想淵源,既非來自禪門,亦非來自朱熹,而是來自於龍場大悟後對於《周易》《晉卦〉坤下離上「日出地上」之象的默會體證。 第五節討論陽明以「靈昭」轉進「虛靈」的意義,既回應專攝認知的思想詮釋,亦預防偏陷流蕩的實踐弊病,足見陽明強調道德本心彰顯秩序法度之天理義涵的用心;又此用心,曾為門人如鄒守益、錢德洪、歐陽德所見得,思想史學者將此三人皆歸屬於良知修證派,且以此派為正統,當可謂有其見地。在朱學到王學的脈絡中,從「虛靈」到「靈昭」,絕非修辭字面的簡單抽換,實有其體證實踐與思想轉進的重要意義。 |
| 英文摘要 | Wang Yangming employs the term "vivid and manifesting (lingzhao靈昭)" to describe the "luminous virtue (mingde 明德)” in The Great Learning (Daxue), in contrast to Zhu Xi's use of "void and vivid (xuling 虛靈).” This subtle difference in terminology has generally been overlooked in academia. This paper elucidates Wang's intentional choice of terminology, emphasizing its distinction from Zhu Xi's depiction. Wang's selection of terminology in this context holds significant importance in both theoretical and practical aspects for the discernment of various issues, such as comparative analysis of Zhu and Wang's teachings, the relationship between principle (li理) and vital energy (qi氣) or mind (xin心) and human nature (xing性), the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, and the classification of Wang's disciples. In its first section, this papr emphasizes the pivotal role of The Great Learning in both Zhu Xi's and Wang's teachings, as well as the evolutionary context of Wang's departure from Zhu's doctrines. The subsequent section delves into Zhu Xi's discussion of "luminous virtue" using the term "void and vivid." This expression has its roots in Buddhist terminology, where "void" describes the static nature of the mind, articulating its silent and formless appearance, housing various principles within. Conversely, "vivid" characterizes the dynamic aspect of the mind, elucidating its connection with presence or absence and describing its embodiment of principle in the aspect of vital energy. Describing "luminous virtue" as "void and vivid," the connection between the "mind" and "principle" might be construed as the "mind" cognitively managing, gathering, and retaining "principle." In the third section, Wang's conscious choice to use "vivid and manifesting" when discussing "luminous virtue" is explored. This choice serves to unite and acknowledge inherent conscience, the nature bestowed by heaven, and the essence of the mind. In contrast, Wang's few references to the mind as "void and vivid" primarily focus on the contextual setting of the topic or the convenience of continuing related discussions, rather than serving as the core of his argument. The fourth section examines the ideological origins of Wang's choice to use "vivid and manifesting" to articulate "luminous virtue." This choice derives neither from Zen Buddhism nor Zhu Xi, and instead originates from Wang's epiphanies derived from the divinatory symbols of Jin (晉) in The Book of Change (Zhouyi) after his awakening at Longchang. Specifically, it pertains to the hexagram with kun (坤) below and li (離) above, representing the image of "sunrise on the earth."This paper's fifth section delves into the significance of Wang's transition from "void and vivid" to "vivid and manifesting." Not only does this shift address the limitations of cognitive-based interpretations, but it also mitigates the risks of arbitrary practices. This underscores Wang's emphasis on the sincere manifestation of moral principles and order. This intention was recognized by disciples like Zou Shouyi, Qian Dehong and Ouyang De, who, in the history of thought, are often categorized under the school of conscience cultivation, which is considered to be an orthodox school of thought. In the context ranging from Zhu Xi's teachings to Wang Yangming's, the shift from "void and vivid" to "vivid and manifesting" is no mere rhetorical device. Rather, it holds significant implications for both experiential practices as well as the evolution of thought. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。