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| 題 名 | 孔恩後期思想轉折與科學理性觀點=Kuhn's Later Intellectual Change and Notion of Scientific Rationality |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 戴東源; | 書刊名 | 歐美研究 |
| 卷 期 | 54:4 2024.12[民113.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁575-623 |
| 分類號 | 541.7 |
| 關鍵詞 | 科學哲學; 典範; 價值; 社會心理學; 科學知識社會學; Philosophy of science; Paradigm; Value; Social psychology; Sociology of scientific knowledge; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.7015/JEAS.202412_54(4).0002 |
| 中文摘要 | 《科學革命的結構》第二版後,孔恩部分觀點逐漸變化,有些說法令人困惑。本文有兩個目標:一是解釋孔恩「科學理性應歸於個人」的說法,二是為其後期思想的劇烈轉折提供合理解釋。從科學哲學史的角度,本文梳理孔恩從早期強調「社群為行動主體」的社會學路徑,轉向後期略顯個體主義與先驗哲學的歷程,並說明他如何將後期獨特的科學理性觀應用於個人。本文論證,孔恩後期的科學理性觀可視為一種個體的工具理性,他的思想轉變與堅持科學理性個人化,除了回應科學哲學理性論的挑戰之外,也與一九七○年代興起之科學知識社會學中強綱領的對立有關。 |
| 英文摘要 | After the second edition of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn's views began to shift, leading to some confusion regarding his statements. This article has two main objectives: To clarify Kuhn's claim that "scientific rationality had to be ascribed to individuals" and to provide a reasonable explanation for the dramatic shift in his thinking later in life. From the perspective of the history of the philosophy of science, I will trace Kuhn's development from his early sociological focus on "the community as the agent" to his later move towards individualism and a priori philosophy. I will explain how he applied his unique notion of scientific rationality to individuals in his later years, demonstrating that this view aligns with a form of individual instrumental rationality. Kuhn's intellectual change, and his insistence on the individualization of scientific rationality, was not only a response to rationalist philosophical challenges but also a reaction to the strong programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge, particularly his opposition to its radical relativism in the 1970s. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。