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| 題 名 | 「洋豚之真價」--日治時期臺灣的豬種改良與畜產現代化=The True Value of Western-bred Pigs: Improvements in Pig Breeding and the Modernization of Livestock Production in Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period |
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| 作 者 | 曾品滄; | 書刊名 | 新史學 |
| 卷 期 | 35:1 2024.03[民113.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁113-172 |
| 分類號 | 437.34 |
| 關鍵詞 | 養豬; 人畜關係; 品種; 品種改良; 畜產; Pig farming; Human-animal relationships; Breeds; Breed improvement; Livestock production; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 作物或家畜的「品種」,並非只是生物學上的分類,而是人類基於不同需求而培植出具有特殊性狀的類群單位,不同品種展現的特性,反映作物或家畜與人類之間的獨特關係。清代以前,臺灣家庭普遍養豬,並培育出多種在來種。雖然生長緩慢,但耐粗食、適應本地風土,且有清除廢料、生產肥料、祭祀等多重功能,人與家豬之間也因此建立了緊密且多元的人畜關係。惟日治初期臺灣總督府為了振興畜產事業, 減少大陸生豬進口並發展本地肉品加工,試圖引進歐洲品種豬隻,在臺灣推行豬種改良。 本文以日治時期臺灣豬種改良為論述焦點,分析政策實施時引發的各種矛盾,特別是殖民地農政官僚間的盤克夏黨與在來黨論戰,藉此闡釋傳統臺灣人畜關係對畜產體制現代化構成之挑戰。本文也解釋改良政策最後以推行盤克夏雜交種獲得成功的原因,包括:都市化帶來豬肉消費需求改變、生肉價格提高、育種科學進步、第一代雜交種豬的生長性狀符合臺灣人的飼養偏好,以及盤克夏豬種源與飼料等困難獲得解決等等。但雜交種豬飼育的普及,不僅改變原有人畜關係,強化養豬業的商品化性格,也使得臺灣的畜產與日本內地的育種、滿州的飼料形成依存關係,被吸納為帝國畜產體制的一環。 |
| 英文摘要 | The term "variety,” when applied to crops or livestock, does not only represent a biological classification. It also denotes units of species cultivated by humans to possess specific traits tailored to various needs. The characteristics displayed by different varieties reflect the unique relationship between crops or livestock and humans. Prior to the Qing Dynasty, pig farming was common in Taiwanese households, and multiple indigenous breeds were cultivated. Although indigenous breeds grew slowly, they exhibited resilience to coarse feed, adapted to local conditions, and served multiple functions, such as waste disposal, fertilizer production, and ritual purposes, thereby establishing a close and diversified relationship between humans and domestic pigs. However, in the early period of Japanese rule, the Taiwan Governor-General's Office aimed to revitalize the livestock industry, reduce imports of mainland pigs, and develop local meat processing by introducing European pig breeds and promoting pig breed improvement in Taiwan. This article focuses on the improvement of pig breeds in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period and analyzes the various contradictions caused by the implementation of this policy, especially the debate between the Berkshire Party and the Indigenous Breeds Party among colonial agricultural bureaucracies. These debates elucidate the challenges posed by traditional Taiwanese human-animal relationships to the modernization of the livestock production system. Furthermore, the article explores the factors that contributed to the eventual success of the improvement policy in promoting Berkshire crossbreeds. These factors include shifts in pork consumption patterns driven by urbanization, escalating prices of raw meat, advancements in breeding science, and the alignment of growth characteristics of the first generation of Berkshire crossbreeds with Taiwanese preferences. Additionally, challenges related to sourcing Berkshire pig breeds and obtaining feed were effectively addressed. However, the proliferation of crossbred pig breeding not only intensified the commercialization of the swine industry but rendered Taiwan's livestock production dependent on Japanese breeding and Manchurian feed, thereby integrating it into the livestock production system of the Japanese Empire. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。