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| 題 名 | “再介入”抑或“遠離”:1946~1957年英國在南沙問題上的糾結與決斷="Re-involvement" or "Distance": Britain's Entanglement and Decision on the Spratly Islands Issue, 1946~1957 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蔡梓; | 書刊名 | 南國學術 |
| 卷 期 | 2024:3 2024.09[民113.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁473-488 |
| 分類號 | 578.41 |
| 關鍵詞 | 英國南沙政策; 南沙問題; 克洛瑪事件; 中英關係; British policy on Spratly Islands; Spratly Islands issue; The Kromer incident; Sino-British relations; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 1946-1957年是冷戰時期英國南沙政策的形成時期,英國始終將防止敵國/潛在敵國管 轄南沙作為決策目標,其需要解決的核心問題是應否再介入南沙問題。重返遠東的英國逐步 形成“在排除日本的基礎上開放競爭”方略,並依據南沙在戰略上於己無足輕重之論斷與英 美及其盟國絕對掌控南海海權之現狀,於1950年決定在保留“競爭權利”即“介入南沙問題 的權利”的前提下實質性置身事外。1955-1957年,在多重誘因刺激下,駐東南亞總專員公 署、殖民地部、首相艾登等對再介入南沙問題頗為積極,甚至出現公開聲索乃至兼併南威島 的主張,而外交部不僅希望維持既定政策,還萌生了“遠離南威島”乃至“遠離南沙”的想 法,並在後來得到了海軍部的有力支持。蘇伊士運河危機的發生及後果推動英國決意遠離南 沙問題。1957年英國鑒於兩大決策依據在可預見的未來仍可成立,調適了南沙政策,在置身 事外的同時不再刻意保留“競爭權利”。 |
| 英文摘要 | From 1946 to 1957, British Policy on the Spratly Islands during the Cold War was formed. The objective of British decision-making has always been to prevent the administration of the Spratly Islands by enemy or potential enemy states. The central issue to be resolved was whether or not there should be re- involvement in the Spratly Islands issue. After returning to the Far East, Britain gradually developed the strategy of “opening up competition on the basis of excluding Japan”. Based on the conclusion that the Spratly Islands were of no strategic importance to itself and the fact that Britain, the United States and its allies were in absolute control of the South China Sea, Britain decided to stay out of the Spratly Islands issue in 1950, on the premise of retaining the “right of competition”, i.e. “the right to intervene in the Spratly Islands issue”. In 1955-1957, under the stimulation of multiple incentives, the Office of the Commissioner-General for the United Kingdom in South East Asia, the Colonial Office and Robert Anthony Eden who was Prime Minister were quite active in intervening in the Spratly Islands issue, and even advocated openly claiming and annexing the island, while the Foreign Office not only wanted to maintain the established policy, but also conceived the idea of staying away from Spratly, which was later strongly supported by the Admiralty. The Suez Canal Crisis and its aftermath pushed Britain to stay away from the Spratly Islands. In 1957, in view of the fact that the two major bases for decision-making were still valid for the foreseeable future, Britain adjusted its policy on the Spratly Islands, and no longer deliberately retained the “competing rights” while staying away from the issue. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。