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題 名 | 本土球孢白殭菌CHF523菌株感染茶角盲椿象效果及有機茶園防治試驗=The Effect of a Native Isolate of Beauveria bassiana CHF523 Strain against Helopeltis fasciaticollis and Control Trial in Organic Tea Plantation |
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作 者 | 張姿伶; 張弘飛; 黃婷鈺; 林敬桓; 顏祥峻; 蔡淑雅; 蘇建中; 莊益源; | 書刊名 | 農林學報 |
卷 期 | 71:1 2024.03[民113.03] |
頁 次 | 頁21-35 |
分類號 | 433.74 |
關鍵詞 | 茶樹; 茶角盲椿象; 球孢白殭菌; Camellia sinensis; Helopeltis fasciaticollis; Beauveria bassiana; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
DOI | 10.30089/JAF.202403_71(1).0003 |
中文摘要 | 茶角盲椿象(Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius)偏好刺吸危害茶樹之新梢嫩葉部位,當其在有機茶園中族群密度升高時,常對茶菁的產量與品質造成嚴重影響,目前缺乏適當的非農藥管理技術可有效控管,有機茶農遭遇此蟲危害時常束手無策。本研究應用台灣本土蟲生真菌防治此盲椿象,除室內試驗評估球孢白殭菌(Beauveria bassiana)CHF523菌株對此蟲之感染致死效果外,亦進行初步田間防治試驗。室內試驗設定於高相對濕度環境下,以B. bassiana CHF523菌株之10^6、10^7及10^8 conidia/mL等3種濃度的孢子懸浮液接種茶角盲椿象成蟲,結果顯示處理後10天,分別可造成82.5、100.0及100.0%之累積死亡率,3種處理濃度間無顯著差異,3者換算半數致死時間(LT_(50))分別為6.1、4.7及3.8天;當以此3種孢子濃度接種此蟲的2-3齡若蟲後10天,則分別可造成15.0、18.4及81.7%之累積死亡率,其中10^8 conidia/mL處理組效果最佳與其他濃度者呈現顯著差異,此濃度之LT_(50)為4.9天。另在15、20及25℃等3種恆溫環境下,以濃度10^7 conidia/mL之B. bassiana CHF523孢子懸浮液接種此盲椿象成蟲,結果顯示20及25℃二種定溫處理下,分別在第7及6天的校正死亡率即可達100.0%,換算三種定溫處理後的LT_(50)分別為8.1、5.4及4.0天,以20及25℃為此菌株較快速感染茶角盲椿象之溫度條件。於南投縣埔里鎮一處有機茶園進行3個月的田間試驗,每週固定施用1次B. bassiana CHF523菌株10^8 conidia/mL孢子懸浮液,結果顯示自第二次處理後,處理組與對照組間之平均新梢受害率即呈現顯著差異,對照組之新梢受害率介於34.0-83.5%之間,而處理組則可降低至6.3-22.9%之間,連續施用期間之平均防治率可達70%以上;試驗期間自處理組區域採集之成蟲及若蟲受感染後之平均死亡率最高分別可達100.0及75.0%。本研究結果顯示本土球孢白殭菌B. bassiana CHF523菌株對茶角盲椿象具優異之感染致死效能,相關結果可供有機茶園應用於防治此盲椿象之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae) mainly feeds on fresh shoots and young leaves of tea plants, causing severe reduction of both quantity and quality of tea. At present, there are no non-pesticide management techniques that can effectively control this insect. Organic tea farmers often incur significant losses when encountering this pest. This study utilized Taiwanese native entomopathogenic fungus to control the tea mosquito bug. In addition to evaluating the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana CHF523 strain to this insect in a high-humidity environment in the laboratory, and a preliminary field control trial was also conducted. Three different concentrations (10^6, 10^7 and 10^8 conidia/mL) of conidia suspension of B. bassiana CHF523 were used to inoculate H. fasciaticollis adults. The results showed the mean cumulative mortalities of adults were 82.5, 100.0, and 100.0%, and LT_(50) values were 6.1, 4.7, and 3.8 days, respectively. The mean cumulative mortality of 2^(nd)-3^(rd) nymphs of H. fasciaticollis inoculated by 3 different concentrations (10^6, 10^7 and 10^8 conidia/mL) of B. bassiana CHF523 were 15.0, 18.4, and 81.7%, respectively. The conidia suspension at the concentration of 10^8 conidia/mL was the best treatment with an LT_(50) value was 4.9 days. The corrected mortality of H. fasciaticollis adults that inoculated with the conidia suspension (10^7 conidia/mL) of B. bassiana CHF523 at 3 different temperatures (15, 20, and 25℃) were 91.7, 100.0, and 100.0%, and the LT_(50) were 8.1, 5.4, and 4.0 days, respectively. Therefore, the temperature conditions of 20 and 25℃ were considered the most suitable environment temperature for B. bassiana CHF523 strain to infect tea mosquito bugs. A three-month field trial was conducted in an organic tea plantation in Puli Town, Nantou County, and the conidia suspension (10^8 conidia/mL) of B. bassiana CHF523 was sprayed once a week. After the 2^(nd) spray, significant differences in mean damage rate of fresh shoots per plant was detected between treatment and control areas. The mean damage rate of fresh shoots in control and treatment areas were 34.0-83.5% and 6.3- 22.9% after the second treatment, respectively. The mean control rate was up to 70%, and the mortality of the adults and the nymphs collected in the field could achieve 100.0 and 75.0%, respectively. The results showed that B. bassiana CHF523 strain possessed high pathogenicity and good control efficacy against tea mosquito bugs, and can be used as a reference for microbial control against tea mosquito bugs in organic tea plantation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。