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題 名 | 美國流域旱象治理--以科羅拉多河流域旱象期(2000~2021)為例=Drought Management in American Watersheds--Take the Drought Period (2000~2021) in the Colorado River Basin as an Example |
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作 者 | 姚祥瑞; | 書刊名 | 科際整合月刊 |
卷 期 | 9:6 2024.06[民113.06] |
頁 次 | 頁24-53 |
關鍵詞 | 流域治理; 流域管理; 科羅拉多河; 科羅拉多河流域; 水資源; 大湯姆森計畫; 供水; 旱象; 氣候變遷; Watershed governance; Watershed management; Colorado River; Colorado River Basin; Water resources; Greater Thomson Project; Water supply; Drought; Climate change; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 全球水資源需求年年增長,水資源缺乏已為全球關注之議題。氣候變遷更使水資源面臨旱象頻仍的極端環境,即使水資源治理先進的美國,亦面臨同樣問題,尤其科羅拉多河流域更是面臨嚴峻考驗。該流域自2000年至2021年已成為最乾旱的二十二年。本研究以「整合性水資源管理」(Integrated Water Resource Management, IWRM)觀點,分析美國科羅拉多河流域治理,得出結論:在IWRM四個檢視的指標項目,首先,在「有利環境」指標部分,主因在2025年底到期的配水協議,將會是該項指標首先須正視的挑戰,新的配水協議在各州、各團體爭取最佳供水條件下,將有極大機率是在各方妥協下制定,對順利執行新的配水法案將產生不確定風險。其次,「制度結構」指標部分,科羅拉多河流域配水原則雖符合IWRM的水資源公平分配機制;然而,流域內尚有水權主張未解決的部落,主事者的水資源治理同樣面臨挑戰。第三,在「管理手段」指標部分,大湯姆森引水計畫(Colorado-Big Thompson Project,C-BT)營運警訊已於氣候變遷下產生,包括用水及操作不當等人為問題,現有「管理手段」的諸多負面效應將陸續呈現。最後,在「基礎設施」指標部分,流域雖有可觀數量的蓄水設施,效益亦明顯發揮,然因流域溫度年年上升,氣候異常變化導致降雨及雪量不足,更因連續發生二十二年旱象,使流域面臨供水警訊。本研究建議:為因應氣候變遷挑戰,該流域須以不同的方式思考治理,針對既有集水區保護、老舊蓄水設施更新等應加倍投資治理,始能於極端氣候環境下將集水及蓄水的功能效果最大化。 |
英文摘要 | This study analyzed the governance of the Colorado River Basin in the United States from the perspective of "Integrated Water Resources Management" (IWRM), and came to the following conclusions: Among the four indicator items examined in IWRM, first, in the "Environment-friendly" indicator section, the main reason is that in 2025 The water distribution agreement that expires at the end of the year will be the first challenge that this indicator must face. As states and groups strive for the best water supply conditions, there is a high chance that the new water distribution agreement will be formulated through compromise by all parties. Implementing the new water distribution bill will create uncertain risks. Secondly, in the "Institutional Structure" indicator section, although the water distribution principles of the Colorado River Basin are in line with the IWRM's fair distribution mechanism of water resources, there are still tribes with unresolved water rights claims in the basin, and the water resources governance of those responsible also faces challenges. Third, in the "Management Measures" indicator section, operational warnings for the Colorado-Big Thompson Project (C-BT) have been generated under climate change, including man-made problems such as water use and improper operation. Currently, " Many negative effects of "management methods" will appear one after another. Finally, in the "Infrastructure" indicator section, although the basin has a considerable number of water storage facilities and the benefits have been obvious, the temperature in the basin has increased every year and the abnormal climate changes have led to insufficient rainfall and snow. Moreover, due to the continuous occurrence of 22 Years of drought have put the basin at risk of water supply. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。